204 zooLOdY— r.iuDS. 



Genus JUNCO, Wagler. 



Si/itopsi.s of the (jctius. 



Common ciiaracitkrs. — rivvniliiifi color i>lumbeoii.s ; tlin alxloiiu'ii, crissiim, and 

 laleial tail-teatliers wiiitc: 



A. Ash of thejiijiiilum with its posterior surrace concavi-, ami almiiitly dcliiiiHl 

 aj;aiiist the white of abdomen ; sides tinged with ash ; ni>|>er parts i>nre ash: 



1. hyeinalis. 

 -. var. tiikrni. 



B. .hisidiiin al)rn])tl.v delined ajiainst the white of abdomen, but convex; sides 

 pinkish; dorsal rejiion dark rul'ous brown : 



1. ortyonus. 



'2. var. itniH'ctcnu. 



C. Haek brijiht rufous. 



1. chwrcus. 



2. var. (ilticola. 

 'S. var. dorxalix. 

 4. var. caniccpx. 



By tlui above arraiiyeinent, the group is divided into three distinct 

 species, each having a single variety in the United States, wliile to cankeps 

 as varieties are refeiTcd, though somewhat doubtfully,* the extreme soutliern 

 forms cincrcus and alticola. 



Ilijcmalis of the Eastern Province is represented in the high northern 

 Rocky Mountains (?) by the variety aikeni, distinguished by its larger size, the 

 white bands of the wings, the greater amount of white on the tail feathers, 

 and the generall}' paler coloration ; features all readily traceable to the effects 

 of its cold alpine habitat. Amiedens, also inhabiting the northern Rocky 

 Mountains, is referable to oregonus of the Pacific coast, which it resembles in 

 the fulvous sides and in the dark rufous-brown of the dorsal region; features 

 peculiar to these two forms. From it, it is se})arable, as a variety, by much 

 the same differences, though less in degree, that exist between hyemalis and 

 aikeni; differences assignable, too, to the same causes. It is larger, with paler 

 colors throughout, having the plumbeous black of oregonus replaced by a 



• Tlio close rolatiousliip between cincrem and the varieties cankepn and dorsalin is inude ap- 

 parent by a larj;o «Hi/<^ of the foriner,rfaken in the Hoeky Monnlains (.see under Jiinco ciwcrciM). This 

 airaugeuient Ih precisely the same iw published in Rejiort of IS74 ; the additional material sinee feathered 

 sei vinj; only tn iiiMlinii the views .-»« to the correetness of this arraii^rcniiMit. .Iiinco riiirrrun, however, 

 being the nidi r ii.itin-. is here laken as the type of the s|iecies instead of laiiinjin. 



