812 PROFESSOR W. C. M‘INTOSH AND MR E. E. PRINCE ON 
in length, and in form closely approaches the general appearance of the adult.* The 
spines on the head are, however, proportionately larger. The first dorsal is appreciably 
larger, its supporting spines stronger, and their tips project beyond the connecting 
membrane, while a deposit of pigment has appeared in its median region. The 
posterior fin-rays of both dorsal and anal fins have increased in length, so as to cover, 
when depressed, most of the space intervening between the second dorsal and the caudal. 
A row of prominent conical papilla, larger posteriorly, extends along each side of both 
dorsal fins. A series of more minute papillae marks the lateral line. By a further 
development of the parts of the tail-fin at the dorsal and ventral accessory fin-rays, the 
outline of the tail becomes less conical, and the posterior border is now, indeed, 
distinctly truncated. The caudal fin is, in fact, much longer than broad at this stage. 
The pectoral fins, though still large, appear of less size on account of the continued 
growth of the trunk, as well, probably, as from atrophy of the upper or long rays. 
The pigment-corpuscles are, moreover, definitely grouped upon the pectorals—forming 
a basal and two distal bands, the latter conspicuously colouring the expanded fin. The 
three inferior rays are larger than the others, but still connected by membrane. The 
ventrals now extend considerably beyond the shorter pectoral rays. In some examples 
several of the parasites (Chalimus-stage of Caligus) occur on the cephalic and hyoidean 
regions. The pinnately fringed branchix show greatly increased complexity. 
A specimen, 22 mm. in length, procured in St Andrews Bay, Aug. 23, 1886 (Pl. XVI. 
fig. 7), presents considerable increase in the pigment of the various parts, a feature 
probably connected with its life in the shallower waters of the bay, where the sunlight 
has more direct access. The pectoral and dorsal fins, and general surface of the trunk 
and head, are boldly marked; indeed, the little fish is most vividly tinted. Moreover, 
it is important to note that the three stronger radial filaments of the lower anterior 
border of the pectorals are now separated, and during confinement, for a short period, 
the connecting membrane was observed still further to disappear, as shown in the figure. 
Though very slightly longer than in the preceding stage, the pectoral fins are propor- 
tionately shorter, while the first dorsal and ventral are somewhat longer. The appear- 
ance of the fish, viewed from above, is shown in Pl. XVII. fig. 6. 
When a few millimetres longer (e.g., 24 mm.), the spines on each side of the dorsal 
fins, and along the lateral line, are very distinct, A trace of the connecting membrane 
still remains at the bases of the three free filaments of the pectoral. 
Next season the young gurnards appear to reach the length of 24 to 3 inches in 
June, though others range to 4} and 64, but whether the latter and those reaching 
41 and 64 inches in May are older forms of the same season, or belong to a previous 
one, has not yet been determined. It is probable that all may be included in the 
season’s growth. 
Gadus morrhua, l.—The ova of the cod are very abundant in many parts of the 
* In a specimen whose total length was 20°5 mm. the following proportional measurements occurred :—Head, 
‘5 mm.; tail, 5 mm.; longest feeler, 5 mm.; trunk, 10°5 mm.; pectoral, 6°2 mm.; breadth of head, 3 mm. 
