838 PROFESSOR W. C, M‘INTOSH AND MR E. E. PRINCE ON 
a solid transverse column, showing, however, a core when viewed on end. Active 
movements occur, so that the tail is sometimes drawn from left to right. 
On the ninth day the trunk has lengthened, and the tranverse chambers of the 
notochord are much longer, leaving narrow intervening bars of the original tissue. The 
otocysts are larger, and show two otoliths. The cavity of the mesenteron stretches from 
the otocysts to the anal region. 
The heart pulsates faintly and irregularly at intervals on the tenth day (9th May). 
The notochord is broken up into large and somewhat angular compartments. The 
pigment-spots show further development. 
By vigorous movements the embryos, measuring about y4jth of an inch in length,* 
emerged on the twelfth day ; but it has to be stated that in other instances, somewhat 
later in the season, and when the temperature was higher, they issued (e.g., on June 2) 
seven days after impregnation. They were. carried about by the slightest surface- 
currents, gently descending head foremost and again ascending by the usual wriggling 
motion. The pigment-spots are very distinct, of a lemon-yellow colour as already 
deseribed,t and are grouped in two lateral bands. The liver forms a pouch-like prominence 
on the anterior portion of the alimentary canal. On the second day the pigment had 
increased anteriorly, forming irregular blotches on the cephalic region. On the fourth 
day the pectorals are about twice as large as on emergence, and an anal tract is 
forming, while in many the upward flexure of the caudal region is marked. They are 
about 4th of an inch longer, and swim in small groups at the margin of the vessel. 
On the seventh and eighth days the chromatophores are finely stellate, and the 
eye has much black pigment. The larvee are very active, though when descending they 
often assume the reversed position. The snout is rounded and prominent; an oral 
aperture has appeared, and the mandible slightly projects. The basal process of the 
pectorals is marked, and radial thickenings are formed on the fin. The anus is not yet 
open, and no circulation is visible though the heart beats actively. The hyoid is well 
developed, and four branchial bars are distinct. 
On the tenth day after emergence the survivors swam actively when disturbed, 
using their large pectorals like flippers, but they often lay on the bottom. The dark 
pigment of the eyes presents a greenish iridescence. The increase of the pigment over 
the surface, the opening of the anus behind the scarcely visible yolk-sac, the great 
angular development of the mandible, and the membranous opercular covering, are the 
chief changes. The stomach shows tranverse folds, but posteriorly longitudinal rug 
pass to the anal region. A dorsal elevation covered with papille gives a peculiar outline 
to the head. The embryos survived only a few days longer. t 
* Mr ConnrInGHAM (op. cit., p. 100) gives the length of the newly hatched larva at 2°66 mm. He does not allude 
to the characteristic lemon-yellow coloration. 
+ Page 791. 
t The stages intermediate between the foregoing and the succeeding are at present no doubt confused with those 
of the flounder and other forms, especially as when brought to the surface they are generally injured, or as yet have 
oniy been examined in spirit. 
