866 PROFESSOR W. C. M‘INTOSH AND MR E. E. PRINCE ON 
at once attracting notice. The median rays of the pectorals have lengthened, yet the 
ventrals are almost as long, the tips passing beyond the anus. The fleshy pad at the 
base of the pectoral is pigmented, but otherwise both these fins and the ventrals are pale 
in colour. The first dorsal is still short, but the second dorsal and the anal fins are 
prominent. The caudal expansion is now truncated at the tip. The abdominal surface 
is still coloured with black pigment. When taken out of the water the dorsum is 
somewhat greenish, diversified here and there with black pigment just as on the occipital 
surface, at the first dorsal, on the posterior end of the abdomen, and in the form of two 
conspicuous wavy bands behind, z.e., in front of the tail (vide Pl. XIX. fig. 11). The 
figure here referred to is from a sketch made some days after confinement in a glass tank 
in the laboratory, hence the coloration is modified. The abdominal region is pinkish, 
from the contained food. The eyes are lustrous and greenish. In the laboratory the 
young fish lay at the bottom, keeping the pectoral fins in active motion, while the 
ventrals were spread out like a pair of wings. 
All the young forms above described were captured some distance from the bottom 
(though they occasionally occur close to the St Andrews rocks in August), and therefore 
the development of the fins after the disappearance of the embryonic membrane is in 
relation to this pelagic life. The remarkable duskiness of the ventral surface, which is 
pure white in the adult, is probably also connected with their temporary sojourn in the 
region above the bottom. The protective spines on the opercula are, it is interesting to 
note, very early developed. The vertebral column in the largest examples shows thin 
transparent ossifications of the surface and of the arches, but the centra are more or less 
notochordal. A specimen, 20°5 mm. in length, obtained from the stomach of a cod, still 
more closely resembled the outline of the adult, though the pigment had been removed 
by the gastric juice. The opercular armature of this example was well developed, 
presenting three large spines posteriorly (one passing backward and two upward), while 
one large and several minor spines occurred in front. We have found that the adults 
spawn in August, it may be somewhat earlier or somewhat later, and it is plain that 
all these young specimens cannot belong to the same period—cannot be, that is to say, 
merely a month or two old. Such a supposition would be inconsistent with what has 
been observed in the young from other pelagic eggs. On the other hand, if these are the 
young from ova spawned the previous August or thereabout, then their growth is some- 
what slow, but probably some examples spawn much earlier than others. 
LIiparis montagui, Donov.—Shortly after hatching, which is easily accomplished even 
under unfavourable circumstances, the larvee (P]. XIII. fig. 1) move both tail and pectoral 
fins actively. The cuticle presents a finely reticulate appearance on the marginal fin, which 
everywhere has embryonic fin-rays, and a series of globular glands occur over this and the 
sides of the body. At a somewhat older stage (Pl. XVI. fig. 7) the yolk-sac is studded 
with stellate black pigment-corpuscles and touches of chrome-yellow, and on each pectoral 
is a large spot of yellow with black chromatophores, and then a narrow yellowish curved 
band with similar black pigment. A few chromatophores with remarkably elongate 
