LOCAL AVIFAUNyE OF THE GREAT BASIN. 



r.io 



Woods of Conifera' form by far the greater pait of the sylva of the Great 

 Basin, and though differing- some\yhat in their character have much the 

 same bird-fauna wherever they exist, the only decided difference witli 

 k)cahty being the rephicing of species of one si(U' l)y representative fomiw 

 on the opposite side. On the Sierra Nevada these forests are much more 

 extensive than anywhere to the eastward, and the growtli far Larger and 

 more dense, consisting chiefly of Pinus lionderosa, but with which are mixed 

 Abies granclis^ A. menziesii, A. douglusii, Libocedi-us decurrens, and perhaps 

 some other trees. Of these species, only the hitter did not occur to the 

 eastward, wliere, on the higher ranges, as the East Humboldt, Wahsatch, 

 and Uintahs, Pinus balfoiiriana, P. flexilis, Abies englcmanni, A. amabilis (?), 

 and Jiiniperus virginianus occurred as additional species. 



The birds peculiar to these dark woods are far less numerous than those 

 found only in the more open and sunny groves of the river valle)s, l)ut eigli- 

 teen species being noted as peculiar to them, exclusive of those restricted to 

 one side of the Basin. The strictly pinicoline species are the following : — 



Not arboreal. 



1. Cinclus uiexicanus. 



2. Regulus calendula. 



3. Parus inontauus. 



4. Sitta acnleata. 



5. Sitta cauadeusis. 



6. Sitta ijygmix'a. 



7. Certhia americana. 



8. Dendrojca auduboui. 



9. Pyranga ludoviciana. 



10. Loxia leucoptera. 



11. (Jarpodacus cassioi. 



12. Cbrysomitris piinis. 



13. Picicorvus Columbian as. 



14. Contopus borealis. 

 1.5. Empidouax diflicilis. 

 10. Sphyrapicus tbyroideus. 



17. Canace ob.scura. 



18. Bonasa umbelloides. 



The representative and peculiar species of the opposite mountain sys- 

 tems are as foUow^s : — 



Representative species. 



Wahsatch and Uintalis. 



Sierra Nevada. 



1. Junco oregonus. 



2. Cyauura frontalis. 



1. Turdus tistulatvs. 



2. Sphyrapicus ruber. 



3. Picus albolarvatus. 



1. Junco canicpps. 



2. Cyanura inacrolopha. 



Peculiar species.^ 



[None.] 



' Of these species tbe two in italics are represented in tlie eastern ranges by closely 

 allied forms, T. swainsoni and S. nuchalis, but tbcy are not inhabitants of the pines, 

 the former being confined to the cauon shrubbery and the latter to the aspen gw^r. 



