DESCRIPTION OF CAMPS. 



347 



unfortunately, the most accessible portions of this forest had been almost 

 completely destroyed by the incessant cutting of timber to supply the 

 market of western Nevada. These woods were composed of several species 

 of pines and spruces, but the Finus ^londerosa was the prevailing growth. 

 AVe have no notes respecting the size of the largest timber, but probably 

 few trees exceeded 150 feet in height, and we saw none of more than four 

 feet in diameter. The undergrowth Avas in places very dense, and consisted 

 mainly of a shining-leafed evergreen Ccanothus and other bushes of similar 

 appearance. Owing to the distance to the base of the mountains and the 

 difficulty of ascending to the dense pine timber of the higher portions of 

 the mountains, we seldom penetrated farther than to the edge of the uncut 

 forest, where the characteristic birds of the pines were found to be 

 abundant. The most common species were the IMountain Jay {Cyanura 

 frontalis), Clarke's Nutcracker (Picicorvus colimUanus), Nuthatches {Sitta 

 aciileata and S. ivjfjmcea), Mountain Chickadees {Parus montamis), and, in 

 the early spring, Carpodacus cassini. The winter residents of the pines, 

 besides those named above, were the following: — 



Sialia mexicana Common. 



Cert Ilia amcricaiia . Common. 



Eejiulus satrapa Rare. 



Lopbophanes iuoniatiis Common. 



Piciis liarrisi Common. 



Picns albolarvatus Common. 



Picoides arcticus . . Rare. 



Spbyrapicus thyroidens . Common. 



Spbyrapicus uucbulis One spec. 



Colaptes mexicauus Common. 



Bubo subarcticus Common. 



Falco sparveritis Common. 



Nisus cooperi Rare. 



Aquila canadensis Common. 



Archibiiteo sanctijobauiiis Ahttiidant. 



Buteo calurus Common. 



Oreortyx pictus Common. 



In the spring, besides Carpodacus cassini, the following species were 

 added to the list: — 



Pipilo cldorurns {ravines) -' April L'.>. 



Melanerpcs torquatus {.tcattered 2tine.i) April 1*5. 



Cyanocitta califoriiica {foothilh) April 20. 



Mclospiza lincolni {foothills) April lit). 



Myiadestes townscndi {pine forests) May 1. 



b. Cedar and pifion groves of the desert mountains. 

 The scant gi-oves of stunted cedars and pifion on several ranges to tlie 

 eastward are the only approach to woods on the desert mountains. In 



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