DESClflPTION OF CAMPS. 357 



ward, the magnificent snow-capped peaks of the higher portion of the range 

 were seen to be timbered with pine and fir forests, but no opportunity was 

 afforded to visit these. 



The species observed in the neighborliood of our camp were the 

 foHowing: In the lower portions of the cation, Pipilo chlorurns among the 

 snow-berry bushes, Pooecetes confinis on the weed-clad and grassy slopes, 

 SpizeUa breweri, Cyanospiza amoena, Antrostomus nuftaUi, Oreoscopfes montanus, 

 Ercmophila aJpestris, Chondestes gmmmaca, Amphispiza nevadensis, and Stiir- 

 ncUa neglecta in the sage-brush — from the valley-level to 2,000 feet above 

 camj); Empidonax ohscurus and Vireosylvia sivainsoni in the aspen copses; 

 IlrdymcJcs melanoccphalus, Icterus huUocki, and Pipilo megalonyx in the shi-ub- 

 bery along the streams; Tyrannus verticalis, 3IyiarcJms cinerascens, SpizeUa 

 arizoiKC, Scolecophagus cyanocephalus, and Gymnokitta cyanocephala in the cedar 

 and piflon groves, while Turdus migratorius occurred in all wooded localities; 

 Sialia aretica, Hirundo horreorum, Tachycineta thalassina, Petrochelidon luni- 

 frons, and Salpincks obsoletus nested about out-buildings or in old mining- 

 shafts, while species of indiscriminate distribution were Rliinogryphun aura, 

 Buteo calurus, B. sivainsoni, Archibuteo (ferrugineus?), Aquila canadensis, 

 Chordeiles henryi, Collurio excubitoroides, Corvus carnivorus, and Zcncedura 

 carolincnsis. It was here that we met with the first specimen of Panyptila 

 saxatilis, a solitary individual having been observed to pass swiftly over one 

 of the higher hills. 



25. "C'a/wp 19," Ruby Valley and Ruby Mountains (July 12-September 5.) , 

 Altitude of Camp, Q,dQ()feet. — This camp was the base of extensive researches 

 in all directions, both the mountains upon whose foot-slope Ave were 

 encamped and the valley below us being included within tiie field of 

 investigation. The valley was of the same character that sage-brusli valleys 

 usually are, except that its depressed center was occupied by an extensive 

 marsh, known as "Ruby Lake," the receptacle of the numerous springs of 

 pure, cold water which burst from the base of the limestone mountains on 

 the western side of the valley. This marsh is so filled with tule that the 

 meandering channels of clear water can only be seen from the mountains, 

 from which they appear as naiTow silver threads in the dark-green rush- 



