PARDS MONTANUS. 411 



in their lower portion, and among the cedar and pifion groves on the desert 

 ranges innnediately adjacent to the eastward, the Gray Titmouse was a 

 rather common species ; but it did not seem to be abundant anywhere. 

 Its manners and notes were quite the same as those of the eastern 

 species (L. bicolor), but weaker and less varied, though still retaining the 

 vehement character of utterance apparently common to all the birds of this 



genus. 



List of specimens. 



272, 9 ad.; cedars of Pea \ iue Jlountaiiis, mar tlie Sierra Nevada, November 14, 

 1867. 6— 8f— 3— 2.J— ^^|J— 2VV— 1^'g. Bill, plumbeous, deepening into born-black 

 terminally ; iris, umber ; tarsi and toes, plumbeousash. 



PaRUS MONTANUS. 



Moiintnin Cliickadee. 



Farm montamis, Gambel, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1843, 259. — Batrd, B. N. 

 Am., 1858, 394 ; Cat. N. Am. B., 1859, No. 294 ; Review, 1864, 82.— B. B. & R., 

 Hist. N. Am. B., I, 1874, 95, pi. vii, fig. 5. — CooPER, Orn. Oal., 46. — CouES, 

 Key, 1872, 81 ; Check List, 1873, No. 32 ; B. N.W., 1874, 22.— Henshaw, 

 1875, 169. 



The distribution of this species seems to be governed entirely by that 

 of the coniferous woods ; consequently, we found it in all jjine forests, as 

 well as the more extensive of the pinon and cedar woods on the interior 

 ranges. It was much less numerous on the Wahsatch and Uintah Mount- 

 ains than on the Sierra Nevada, however, as indeed were nearly all species 

 of pinicoline habits. This species is quite a counterpart of the Carolina 

 Chickadee (P. carolinensis) in manners and notes, although it differs so much 

 in size and markings ; and we consider it as much more closely allied to 

 that species than to the common Black-cap {P. atricapilUis). In its notes we 

 could discover no difference from those of P. carolinensis beyond the notice- 

 able fact that the ordinary ones were louder and more emphatically enunci- 

 ated, while the spring song, so pleasing in P. aarolinensis, and sounding 

 like a clear, fife-like whi.stling of the syllables tsiji'adec, t^iipadec, isipadee, 

 was appreciably more feeble and less musical. 



