426 OKNITHOLOGY. 



Upper mandible, sepia-black; commissure and lower mandible, pale lilaceoua; iris, 

 brown ; tarsi, dark sepia plumbeous; toes, paler, whitish beneath. 



1-Ki7, (5 juv.; rarle.v's Park, July 28. 4§ — Cg. Same remarks. 



1 1'O, S juv.; July 29. 5J— 7. 



1494, i jur.; 5g— GJ. 1405, ^ juv.; SJ— CJ. August 7. Same remarks as to 1459. 



Family MOTACILLIDJ^^ — Wagtails and Tit-larks, or Pipits. 



Anthus ludoyicianus. 



Til-I:irk. 



Alaiida ludoriciana, Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, 79.3. 



Anthm ludoricianm, LiruT., Verz., 1823, 27.— Baird, B. N. Am., 1858, 232; Cat. 

 N. Am. B., 1859, No. 1G5 ; Review, 1SG4, 153.— B. B. & R., Hist. N. Am. B., I, 

 1874, 171, pi. X, fi},'. 3.— Cooper, Oni. Cal., 78.— Coues, Key, 1872, 90, fig. 34; 

 Check List, 1873, No. 55; B. N.\Y., 1874, 40.— IIensiiaw, 1875, 187. 



Perhaps no bird of the Interior is more abundant in winter than the 

 Tit-hirk is, at times, in locaUties of a natiu-e calculated to attract them. At 

 the Tnickee Meadows they came in immense flocks in November, and 

 spread over the soggy meadows, where they remained during the mod- 

 erately cold weather for the greater portion of the winter, occasionally 

 congregating by thousands about the haystacks and corrals. They were 

 equally abundant at Carson City, particularly iu the vicinity of the warm 

 springs, where the high temperature of the water kept the meadow soft 

 and comparatively gi'een, even during the coldest weather. In April, just 

 before then* departure for the North, we ol)served them in their more 

 highly-colored plumage. 



List of specimens. 



193, 5 ad.; West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, September 17, 18G7. (Stream, in 

 garden.) G — 10 — 3y',^ — 2;^- — y'g — JJ — 2/^ — 1. Upper maiulible, dark horn-color, darker 

 terminally; lower, paler, nearly straw-yellow at base; iris, hazel; tarsi and toes, dark 

 born color. 



270, qad.; Truckee Meadows, November 8. G{J—105—3fjj—2J—^|—}|— 23—1^35. 

 Bill, black; basal half of lower mandible, light-brown; iris, hazel ; tarsi and toes, verj- 

 dark blackish-brown. 



274, 9 ad.; Truckee Meadows, November 15. Gi— 10— 3^^— -li— }— 1 '— -'-J- IfV- 

 Upper mandible and tip of lower, nearly black, remaining portion dull wax-yellow, 

 deepest basally — almost lemon-yellow on rictus; iris, deep vandyke ; tarsi and toes, 

 unilbrm blackish, toes not darker — dull light-yellowish beneath. 



•213, i ad.; Tiuckee Meadows, November 15. GJ— lly'5~3g— 2f|— J— |f— 25— 

 ]{. Toes more blackish than tarsus. 



