4() MANGROVE SWAMPS 
Family 4, EUPHORBIACEAE 
Genus EXCOECARIA 
EXCOECARIA AGALLOCHA Linn. (Plate XIII). BUTA-BUTA. 
Local names: Bat’dno (Pangasinan and Cagayan); butd (Basilan, Ba- 
taan, Mindoro, and Palawan); buta-butad (Bataan und Palawan); lipdta 
(Palawan, Agusan, and Camarines); lipdtang-bihai (Palawan); alipdta 
(Negros) ; kuldsi (Tayabas and Lanao). 
Excoecaria agallocha is a small tree, usually not more than 
8 meters in height, growing on firm mud or sand at the edge 
of the swamp or on relatively firm spots in swamps. The bark 
is light gray and broadly checked with darker streaks. It con- 
tains copious milky sap which is very poisonous, being said 
even to cause blindness when it touches the eyes. 
The leaves are alternate, shiny, pointed at the tip and some- 
what rounded at the base, and about 6 to 12 centimeters long. 
The flowers are very small and are densely crowded on slender 
flowering branches. The male flowers are found on spikes which 
grow singly in the axils of the leaves and are from 5 to 10 
centimeters long. The female flowers occur on branches which 
are 2 to 3 centimeters long. There are three sepals, no petals, 
and three stamens. The fruits are composed of three sections, 
are somewhat rounded, smooth, and about 5 millimeters in diam- 
eter. The wood is pale brownish white, soft, and probably 
not used for any purpose but fuel. 
Family 5, TILIACEAE 
Genus BROWNLOWIA 
BROWNLOWIA LANCEOLATA Benth. MARAGOMON. 
Local name: Maragémon (Bisaya). 
This species is a shrub or a small tree. The leaves are pointed 
at both ends; 9 to 15 centimeters long, 3 to 4.5 centimeters wide; 
the upper surface when mature is smooth and shiny, the lower 
covered by a dense layer of minute, whitish-yellow scales. The 
inflorescences have few flowers. The flowers are about 6 milli- 
meters long; the stalks about the same length. The calyx is 
5 millimeters long, bell-shaped, and divided into three to five 
lobes. There are five petals, which are longer than the calyx. 
Family 6, BOMBACACEAE 
Genus CAMPTOSTEMON 
CAMPTOSTEMON PHILIPPINENSE (Vidal) Becc. (Plate XIII). GaApas- 
GAPAS. 
Local names: Bungdlon (Tayabas); gapas-gdpas (Negros, Capiz, Zam- 
boanga) ; dandilit (Zamboanga); balino (Zamboanga) ; libdto-puti’, nigi- 
puti’ (Tayabas). 
