5&8 MANGROVE SWAMPS 
parviflora. This species occurs in the Philippines in an exceed- 
ingly small amount. Swamps are frequently found which do 
not contain it, and it is usually of small size. 
Bruguiera cylindrica has rather thin leaves. They are soft, 
7 to 12 centimeters in length, shiny, and narrowed at both ends. 
The flowering stalks are found in the axils of the leaves; they are 
usually shorter than the petioles and bear two to three flowers. 
The flowers are greenish, about 1 centimeter long and slightly 
over a centimeter broad. The calyx is green and divided into 
seven or eight narrow fleshy lobes. The petals are white, equal 
in number with, but shorter than, the calyx-lobes. The apex 
of each petal is divided into two lobes; the margins have scanty 
white hairs outside; the apices are rounded and each is crowned 
with from three to five brown bristles, while one bristle is 
found in the angle between the two lobes. The stamens are 
sixteen in number and unequal in length. The germinating 
root is cylindrical and reaches a length of 15 to 20 centimeters 
before the seed falls from the tree. Bruguiera caryophylloides 
Blume is a synonym of Bruguiera cylindrica (Linn.) Blume. 
BRUGUIERA PARVIFLORA W. & A. (Plates XXIII, XXIV). LANGARAI. 
‘Local names: Pototan (Tayabas, Cagayan, Zamboanga); hangdlai or 
hangarai (Mindoro, Masbate, Leyte, Iloilo, Negros); hingdlai (Polillo) ; 
langarai or langar’ (Zamboanga, Tayabas, Masbate, Negros, and Zamba- 
les); bakduan-laladki (Batangas); bubutigan, bidsan (Samar). 
Bruguiera parviflora is a tall, slender tree which is often found 
in solid stands in the interior of the swamp. Trees 15 to 30 
centimeters in diameter and 12 to 18 meters in height are full 
grown, but trees up to 55 centimeters in diameter are found. 
The bark is gray, hard, and thick, and has broad, smooth ridges. 
The air roots are similar to those of Bruguiera conjugata and 
B. sexangula, but usually smaller; the wood, except for being 
lighter in color, is also much like that of these two species. 
The seedling is of the same color as the leaves, slender and 
nearly cylindrical. The roots of the seedling grow to about 10 
or 12 centimeters in length before the seed drops from the tree. 
The leaves of Bruguwiera parviflora are yellowish green, 6 to 
10 centimeters in length, and rather narrow, particularly at the 
base. The upper surface is shiny, the lower dull. The flowering 
shoots are in the axils of the leaves and bear two to five yellowish- 
green flowers. The whole flowering shoot, including the flowers, 
is considerably longer than the petioles of the leaves. The 
flowers are about a centimeter in length and about 6 millimeters 
in breadth. The calyx tube is cylindrical and ends in eight 
pointed lobes about one-fourth the length of the calyx tube. 
