70 MANGROVE SWAMPS 
and a smaller tree or shrub where conditions for growth are 
less favorable. It reaches a diameter of 50 centimeters and a 
height of 18 meters. The bark is gray when the tree is young 
and often nearly black when mature, coarsely furrowed, rather 
thick and corky. The air roots are few in number and similar 
to those of Bruguiera conjugata, B. sexangula, and B. cylindrica. 
The wood has a distinct roselike odor when fresh. The sap- 
wood and heartwood are not very different in color; the wood 
is pale brown, straight grained, dense and smooth, with a fine 
texture, and takes a silky finish under a sharp plane. It seasons 
well and is easy to work. It is used for piles, poles, house posts, 
ties, paving blocks, bridges, and wharves, general strong con- 
struction, ship planking and decks, handles, and cabinet-work. 
The leaves are 5 to 8 centimeters long, alternate, very thick 
and fleshy, rounded at the apex and notched, and clustered 
toward the ends of the twigs. The petioles are very short. The 
flowers are bright scarlet and about 8 millimeters in length. 
They are borne in considerable numbers at the ends of branches. 
The calyx tubes terminate in five lobes. The petals are scarlet, 
five in number, and about 7 millimeters long. There are five 
to ten, but usually seven stamens, which are the same color and 
twice as long as the petals. The fruit is woody, elongated, about 
2 centimeters long and 7 millimeters wide, narrowed at each end, 
crowned by a persistent calyx rim, and contains a single seed. 
LUMNITZERA RACEMOSA Willd. KuLAsr’. 
Local names: Tabdu (Iloilo, Tayabas); suldsi’ (Rizal, Manila); kulasv’ 
(Bataan). 
This species differs from the last in being of much smaller size 
and in having white flowers. This tree grows in mud in the 
swamp or in sand at the edge of the swamp. The wood is like 
that of Lumnitzera littorea. 
The leaves are fleshy, green, shiny, 2.5 to 7 centimeters in 
length, the apex rounded and notched, the base pointed, the 
petioles very short. The flowering shoots are borne in the axils 
of leaves and are from 2 to 6 centimeters long. The calyx is 
green, 5 to 6 millimeters long, with five short lobes. The petals 
are white, about 4 millimeters long, and five in number. The 
stamens are white, about as long as the petals, and five to ten 
in number. The fruit is woody, green, oblong, about 1.5 centi- 
meters long, narrowed at both ends, crowned by the persistent 
calyx rim, and contains a single seed. 
