82 MANGROVE SWAMPS 
are small, without individual stalks, and are in small heads on 
stiff angular flowering stalks, which occur either two together 
in the axils of the upper leaves or several at the end of a branch. 
There are three to seven flowers in each head. The corolla is 
orange-yellow. The corolla tube is very short, cylindrical, and 
has four lobes. The lobes are 5 millimeters in length, hairy 
without, and nearly smooth within. The calyx has five lobes, 
which are 2 to 8 millimeters long, hairy on the margins; the 
lower part of the back hairy, the rest smooth. There are four 
stamens, which are inserted on the throat of the corolla and 
extend beyond the corolla. The fruit is a capsule, 2.5 to 4 centi- 
meters long, and contains a single seed which completely fills 
the capsule. 
AVICENNIA ALBA Blume. API-API. 
Local names: Kachichis (Surigao); pidpi (Misamis); punding (Co- 
tabato). 
This species is apparently less abundant than Avicennia of- 
ficinalis and differs from it largely in inconspicuous floral 
characters. The wood appears to be identical with that of 
Avicennia officinalis. 
The leaves are leathery, pointed at the apex, narrowed at the 
base, either smooth on both surfaces or with whitish hairs be- 
neath, especially when young; 5 to 7 centimeters long, 2.5 to 
5 centimeters broad. The midrib is prominent. The flowers, 
without individual stalks, grow either in small heads or in 
spikes. The calyx has segments, which are thick, 2.5 milli- 
meters long, fringed with hair, and slightly hairy at the back 
near the base. The corolla tube is very short and sometimes 
almost lacking. It has four smooth pointed lobes, 2.5 milli- 
meters long. There are four stamens inserted on the corolla 
throat. These do not reach to the end of the corolla. The 
fruit is a capsule 1 to 2 centimeters in length and contains one 
seed which completely fills the lower part of the capsule. 
Family 15, ACANTHACEAE 
Genus ACANTHUS 
Key to the species. 
Flowers blue; corolla about 4 centimeters long... Acanthus ilicifolius. 
Flowers white; corolla about 2 centimeters long... Acanthus ebracteatus. 
ACANTHUS ILICIFOLIUS Linn. (Plate XXXIX). DILIUARIU. 
Local names: Lagoiléi (Agusan); gregorio (Bisaya); dagudri, galura, 
tindoi, tinlui (Tagalog); daludri (Bataan); santing-santing (Moro) ; 
duluariu (Mindoro) ; diliuariu (Manila). 
