FOREST CHARGES 25 
FOREST REGULATIONS AND CHARGES 
The mangrove-swamp areas are property of the Philippine 
Government and are not sold but developed under a license sys- 
tem. Usually small operators work under an ordinary yearly 
license for definite small areas. Exclusive licenses (or con- 
cessions, as they are popularly called) are generally in the form 
of a twenty-year exclusive license to cut and extract timber, 
firewood, dye and tanbarks and other minor forest products 
from a specific tract. The land is in no way affected, as merely 
the timber and minor forest products are included. Areas of 
10 hectares are leased for factory or mill sites free of charge, as 
are also all rights of way for the operation of a concession. The 
charges are only nominal and are collectable after tne products 
have been gathered. 
A charge of 20 centavos per cubic meter is paid on wood cut 
for firewood; if cut for lumber, the charge is according to the 
group, Philippine woods being divided into four groups. Lwum- 
nitzera belongs to the second group, which is assessed at 
1.50 pesos per cubic meter. Sonneratia caseolaris and Xylo- 
carpus moluccensis belong to the third group, on which 
there is a charge of 1 peso per cubic meter. All of the other 
timbers from the mangrove swamps belong to the fourth group 
on which a charge of 50 centavos per cubic meter is paid. Tan- 
barks are assessed at 30 centavos per hundred kilograms, and 
dye barks at 50 centavos per hundred kilograms. 
