246 PHILIPPINE PALMS 
of Calamus are covered with an edible pulp. The young stems of 
some species are cooked and eaten as a salad. Some have a 
swollen basal portion which contains starch and which is eaten 
by woodsmen. The bud, locally called ubud, of most palms is 
edible. In the Philippines the buds of the following palms are 
known to be used for food: Areca catechw (betel nut), Arenga 
ambong, Arenga pinnata (sugar palm), some species of Calamus, 
Cocos nucifera (coconut palm), Corypha elata (buri), Heteros- 
pathe elata (sagisi), and probably all other species of Heteros- 
pathe, Metroxylon sagu (sago palm), the different species of 
Livistona (anahau), and Oncosperma (anibong). The buds of 
many other palms are certainly edible. 
Furniture. Many articles of furniture are manufactured from 
the stems of the rattan palms. See Rattans. 
Fuel. The kernels of the coconut after having the oil pressed 
from them are sometimes used as fuel, while the shells are fre- 
quently used for this purpose in the artificial drying of copra, 
and locally as a substitute for coal in various manufacturing 
establishments. The petioles of nipa, coconut and other palms 
are also used as domestic fuel. 
Hats. Corypha elata (buri) is the source of material from 
which a number of valuable types of hats are manufactured. 
Excellent hats are also made from rattans. Other palms em- 
ployed for use in making hats are Areca catechu (betel palm), 
Cocos nucifera (coconut), Heterospathe elata (sagisi), Livistona 
spp. (anahau), and Nipa. 
Household Utensils. The shells of the coconut are employed for 
various household utensils, as cups, bowls, spoons, etc., and as 
molds for cane and buri sugar put up in lenticular cakes for the 
retail trade. 
Mats. Corypha elata (buri), Nipa, and the rattans are used 
in the Philippines for making mats. Mats are also made in 
other places from Metroxylon sagu (sago palm), but this is not 
recorded from the Philippines. 
Oil. The coconut furnishes large quantities of oil for export. 
Locally it is used for food, cooking, and illumination. Elaeis 
guineensis is an important source of oil in other countries, but 
in the Philippines is grown only as an ornamental. 
Ornament. Most palms are ornamental, although not always 
used for this purpose. Among those extensively planted in the 
Philippines for ornamental purposes are Adonidia merrillii, 
Arenga tremula, Caryota spp., Cocos nucifera, Heterospathe 
elata, Licuala spinosa, Livistona spp., Orania, Oreodoxa regia, 
Pinanga spp., Areca ipot, and Arenga mindorensis. The fol- 
