260 PHILIPPINE BAMBOOS 
cies of Philippine bamboos by the fact that it grows in large 
clumps, the basal portions of which are surrounded to a height 
of from 2 to 3 meters by a densely interlaced thicket of very 
spiny branches, which make access to the culms exceedingly 
difficult. The function of these spiny branches, apparently, is 
to protect the delicate young shoots from herbivorous animals. 
This species is illustrated in Plates V to VII. 
The splints from green stems of this species are used exten- 
sively in the manufacture of baskets and hats, it being the 
most valuable species for hat making. It also has some com- 
mercial possibilities for paper pulp. The basal portions of the 
culms have been used as heads for polo mallets and for shuttles 
on hand looms. 
Distributed in southern China, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula, 
and Malay Archipelago. 
BAMBUSA VULGARIS Schrad. KAWAYAN-KILING. 
Local names: Kawdayan-kiling, kawayan bayugin, kawdyan hobero, 
taiwandk, tewanak (Tagalog); bulinau, burirau, linas, sinambang (Bi- 
saya); kaboloan (Bikol). 
This is a clump-forming spineless bamboo, which reaches a 
height of about 17 meters or more and a diameter of about 12 
centimeters. The stems are smooth, usually yellowish or yel- 
lowish-green. It is usually smaller than Bambusa spinosa and 
has thinner walls. This species is illustrated in Plates VIII 
to X. 
Kawayan-kiling is one of the building bamboos and is gen- 
erally utilized in the regions where it grows for the various 
purposes, such as house construction, bridges, furniture, for 
which the coarse erect bamboos are adapted. It is much inferior 
to Bambusa spinosa. Like the spiny bamboo, it is probably not 
a native of the Philippines, but was purposely introduced in 
prehistoric times on account of its general utility. The variety 
striata Gamble is occasionally cultivated in Manila and in other 
large towns for ornamental purposes; it is readily distinguished 
by its culms being bright yellow with a few green stripes. This 
form is a native of China or Japan, but is now widely distributed 
in cultivation. 
The native country of Bambusa vulgaris is so far unknown; 
it is cultivated and half wild in Asia, Africa, and America. 
Genus CEPHALOSTACHYUM Munro 
CEPHALOSTACHYUM MINDORENSE Gamble. BAKTO. 
This species is rare and known only from Mindoro. It is a 
climbing species well characterized by having its flowers in 
