262 PHILIPPINE BAMBOOS 
No special economic uses are indicated for any of the forms, 
yet like all bamboos they are more or less utilized by the Fili- 
pinos for general purposes. They should be adapted to the same 
special uses as the thick-walled scandent species of Schizo- 
stachyum. The most common species is Dinochloa scandens, 
zigzag bamboo, (Plate XVIII) which is abundant and widely 
distributed in the central and southern Philippines; it is charac- 
terized by its very broad leaves and is variously known as 
baia in Palawan, bokaue in Balabac, bukau in Basilan, usiu, 
timak, and bolokaui in Mindoro. Most of these names are also 
used for the scandent species of Schizostachyum. Dinochloa 
luconiae (Plate XVI) is very similar in general character to 
Dinochloa scandens, but has much narrower leaves, which is 
also true of Dinochloa ciliata (Plate XIV). Dinochloa luconiae 
is known as baito (Tagalog) and esu (Iloko). D. pubiramea 
(Plate XVII) is a broad-leaved species similar to D. scandens 
and distinguished chiefly by having the branches of the in- 
florescence pubescent. Its local names are kandi (Bis.) and 
bukau (Moro). Dinochloa elmeri (Plate XV) is a dwarfed, 
half-woody form growing in the mossy forest at the summits 
of high mountains. 
Genus GIGANTOCHLOA Kurz 
GIGANTOCHLOA LEVIS (Blanco) Merr. Boo. 
Local names: Kawdyan-b60, kawayan-sina, kawdyan-puti, boho (Ta- 
galog) ; boko, bolo, botong (Bisaya). 
Gigantochloa levis is a stout bamboo reaching a height of 20 
meters or more and a culm diameter of 20 centimeters. Its 
culms are very straight and smooth, dull green, covered with 
siliceous pubescence, and entirely unarmed. It is found in and 
about towns in the settled areas of the Philippines, and also 
in the forests. The stems are used as pipes for temporary 
water supplies, as they are usually long and straight, and for 
building fish traps. They are, apparently, rarely employed in 
building operations, except for walls of houses, perhaps because 
they are not especially durable. A flowering specimen is shown 
in Plate XIX. 
The Philippine specimens referred to Gigantochloa robusta 
Kurz and Gigantochloa atter Kurz are not considered by Mr. E. 
D. Merrill to be specifically distinct from G. levis. 
Genus GUADUA Kunth 
GUADUA PHILIPPINENSIS Gamble. 
This is a rare species known only from a single collection from 
Davao. The nodes are reported to be about 75 centimeters 
