DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 369 
In Ceylon ropes are made of the bark. “The bark yields strong fibre 
suited for cordage, matting, and sacking. In making sacks a branch or 
trunk is cut to the required length, soaked in water, and beaten till the 
fibre separates from the wood. It is then turned inside out and the 
wood sawn off, except a small piece at the bottom.” (Bombay Gazetteer, 
XV, Part I., 62, Konkan District.) There seems every likelihood that 
the bark of this tree may come into use as a paper fibre. 
The sap of this tree is used as an arrow poison. 
Antiaris toxicaria is a tree reaching a height of about 15 
meters and a diameter of 30 centimeters or more. The leaves 
are opposite, pointed at the tip, rounded or heart-shaped at the 
base, and from 8 to 15 centimeters in length. 
This species is apparently widely distributed in the Philip- 
pines, but is not common. 
Genus ARTOCARPUS 
ARTOCARPUS COMMUNIS Forst. (Plate XXIII). ANTIPOLO. 
Local names: Antipolo (Bataan, Manila, Rizal, Laguna, Mindoro, Ba- 
silan, Palawan); antipdlong lalaki (Rizal); chipihu (Batanes); pakdak 
(Cagayan, Ilocos Sur, Abra, Union, Zambales); kamansi (Leyte); tipdlo 
(Camarines, Negros). 
A rather weak rope is made from the bast of this tree. Rope 
made from the bast of old trees is stiff; from the bast of young 
trees much more pliable. King found rope made of the bast 
of old trees to have a tensile strength of 367 kilos per square 
centimeter; and rope made from young trees, 356 kilos per 
square centimeter. Wetting decreased the strength only 2 per 
cent. Rope made of the bast of old trees is said to be very 
durable. It stands long wetting or alternate wetting and dry- 
ing. It is used in the form of traces, to yoke carabaos for 
field work. The Ilokos of Sappar, according to King, believe 
it to be more durable than rawhide. 
Artocarpus communis is a tree reaching a diameter of 90 
centimeters. It has an abundant milky juice. The leaves are 
very large and pinnately lobed. The fruits are rounded and 
very rough. The wood is soft to moderately hard. 
This species is common and widely distributed both cultivated 
and wild in the Philippines. 
ARTOCARPUS ELASTICA Reinw. GuMIHAN. 
Local names: Antipdlo (Tayabas, Samar); gumihan (Camarines, Albay, 
Sorsogon) ; tugup (Surigao, Davao). 
Heyne * gives quite a discussion of the bast of this species, 
which has been exported from Java to Europe. In 1902 it was 

* Heyne, K., De Nuttige Planten van Nederlandsch-Indié, Volume 2, 
page 48. 
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