AVHITE-FRONTED GOOSE. 71 



Holland, Germany, and France, and is included by M. Savi 

 among tlie Birds of Italy. M. Menetries, the Russian natu- 

 ralist, mentions that in autumn this species makes its appear- 

 ance in considerable flocks near the Caspian Sea, particularly 

 at Bakou, and the lakes in that vicinity, where they pass 

 the winter. Towards the end of February they commence 

 their emigration. M. Temminck says this species is found 

 in Japan. 



The bill is of a reddish flesh colour, the nail white ; at the 

 base of the upper mandible, and on the forehead, the feathers 

 are white ; the irides very dark brown ; head, neck, back, 

 rump, and wings, brownish ash colour ; wing-coverts grey, 

 edged with white ; tertials margined with dull white ; wing- 

 primaries and secondaries bluish black ; upper tail-coverts 

 white ; tail-feathers dark grey tipped with white ; breast and 

 belly pale brownish-white, both sexes with patches and broad 

 bars of black ; sides and flanks ash-brown, edged with dull 

 white ; vent and under tail-coverts white ; legs, toes, and 

 membranes orange ; claws whitish horn colour. 



The whole length of an adult male twenty-seven inches. 

 From the carpal joint to the end of the wing seventeen 

 inches ; the second quill-feather the longest in the wing. 



The young birds of the year, bred in the garden of the 

 Zoological Society, are now, in the middle of August, as large 

 as the parents. The plumage is more uniform in colour and 

 rather darker, the feathers at the base of the upper mandible 

 are of a darker brown than those of the other parts of the 

 head ; the nail and point of the beak light brown. The pale 

 brown feathers on the breast are uniform in colour without 

 any dark patches or bars. 



