TUFTED DUCK. 253 



marck Duck of Pennant's Arctic Zoology, and is found in 

 Russia. 



During winter it visits France, Germany, Switzerkind, 

 Provence, Italy, and other southern states. The Zoological 

 Society have received specimens from Trebizond. The Rus- 

 sian naturalists found it was common in the vicinity of the 

 Caucasus in winter. Mr. Gould mentions having received 

 examples from the Black Sea, Northern India, and the 

 Himalaya. Colonel Sykes includes it among the birds of the 

 Dukhun ; and M. Temminck says that specimens sent from 

 Japan do not differ from those obtained in Europe. 



The adult male has the bill pale blue, except the nail, 

 which is black ; in form nearly parallel, or but little dilated 

 towards the point ; the irides brilliant golden yellow ; the 

 head, the whole of the neck, the back, rump, tail, and wings 

 black, except a small portion of each of the secondaries of 

 the wing, which is white, forming a white bar, or speculum, 

 but tipped with black ; the sides of the head, behind and 

 below the eyes, are tinged with purple ; the occipital feathers 

 considerably elongated, forming a crest or tuft, from which 

 the bird derives its name ; at the chin a small triangular 

 spot of white ; breast, belly, sides, and flanks, pure white ; 

 vent, and under tail-coverts black ; legs and toes dark blue, 

 the webs black. The whole length of the bird seventeen 

 inches ; of the wing from the carpal joint to the end eight 

 inches ; the first and second quill-feathers nearly equal in 

 length. 



The female is dark brown on all those parts Avhich in 

 the old male are black ; the white of the under surface of 

 the body less pure in colour, being tinged with grey, or 

 pale ash-brown ; the speculum of the wing white, as in the 

 male. 



I have seen a dead female that was known to be old, with 



