Hymenopterous Parasites of Coleoptera. 35 
76—quoted by Westwood, Mod. Class. 11, 159). This is 
copied by Ratzeburg (Ichn. d. Forst. 111, 249), who adds 
that Pezomachus pedestris,’ a species of T'ryphon, Entedon 
cassidarum and Pteromalus cryptocephali, which was bred 
by Rosenhauer, also prey upon this species; though all 
his details appear somewhat inconclusive. 
127. Timarcha tenebricosa, Fab. 
DeGeer first noticed this species to be attacked by 
hymenopterous parasites. Bignell bred (Trans. Devon. 
Assoc., 1901, p. 680) a specimen of Perilitus falciger, 
Ruthe, from a perfect beetle of this species in South 
Devon, on 7th May, 1891, and remarks upon the rarity of 
the emergence of parasites from imagines. For a similar 
record cf. Bull. Soc. Fr. 1854, p. 57.1 
128. Timarcha violaceonigra, DeG. 
Writing of Perilitus falciger, Ruthe, Marshall (Bracon. 
d’Europ. u, 42) tells us that “Un examplaire conservé au 
Museé Britannique est étiqueté comme provenu d’un 
coléoptere adulte et vivant, Zimarcha coriaria, Fab.” 
129. Chrysomela. 
Boyer de Fonscolombe bred (Ann. Scien. Nat., 1832, 
pp. 278 et seqg.) his Pteromalus gallarum®® from the 
pupa of some species of this genus, as is quoted by 
Westwood and Ratzeburg. 
130. Chrysomela varians, Schal. 
Kawell is said by Kirchner (Cat. 97) to have bred from 
this beetle Mesochorus thoracicus, Grav., in Kurland. 
131. Melasoma popult, Linn. 
Chrysomela populi is said by Ratzeburg (Ichn. d. Forst. 
ili, 230 et 249) to be attacked by Pteromalus Sieboldt, 
which Reissig and von Siebold both bred from this beetle, 
1 “Several instances of the emergence of the larve from the bodies 
of perfect Coleopterous insects are recorded, and I possess a specimen 
of Timarcha levigata, from which the larve of a small species of 
Bracon escaped from the posterior extremity of the abdomen in such 
numbers, as to cover the whole bottom of a pill-box an inch in dia- 
meter with their little cocoons. There could hardly have been fewer 
than a hundred of them, and the beetle did not long survive such an 
unpleasant operation ” (Dallas’ Elements of Entomology, p. 242). 
