60 Mr. Ernest A. Elliott and Mr. Claude Morley on the 
from this species at Harpenden in Herts. July 22nd, 
1904; and he noticed that four or five individuals assisted 
each imago to emerge. The same parasite has also been 
commonly found, tapping with its antenne and running 
about upon a newly-felled willow pole at Sotherton, in 
Suffolk, July 6th, 1900. 
241. Scolytus pruni, Ratz. 
Reinhard has, according to Giraud (Ann, Soe. Fr. 1877, 
p. 427), bred Raphitelus maculatus, Walk., from this borer, 
Kirchner (Cat. 115 et 181) also records from it Doryctes 
pomarius, Reinh., and Hulophus lophyrorum, Htg.; though 
the association appears doubtful in both cases. Of the 
latter, however, Ratzeburg says (Ichn, d. Forst. 11, 157) 
that one § emerged with him from Hecoptogaster pruni and 
he received another of the same sex from Bouché, who is 
also thought to have bred it from #. pruni; and he adds, 
concerning Elachistus leucogrammea (I. ¢. 11, 174), that, with 
the described ¢, were numerous 2? from LZ. scolytus and 
EL. prunt. Mr. Donisthorpe bred a specimen of Pteromalus 
sp. from this borer in 1906 in London. 
242. Scolytus ratzeburgi, Jan. 
From Lecoptogaster destructor, Ratzeburg (/. ¢. ui, 214) 
says Wissmann bred what he thought was Pteromalus 
lunula, in Germany. 
243. Scolytus rugulosus, Ratz. 
The list of parasites upon this species given by Ratze- 
burg (Ichn, d. Forst. 11, 214) comprises both Lracon eccopto- 
gastri 8 and its variety B. minutissimus (1, 31) bred from 
it by Reissig in the dying boughs of plum trees; Nordlinger 
raised Brachistes longicaudis®*® (i, 54 et 111, 28) from this 
borer in ailing apple twigs at Stuttgart; and Bouché Opius 
cephalotes 8" (ii, 63) from the same host and pabulum. 
Elachestus leucogramnva (1, 170) is said to also live on this 
beetle, from which Nordlinger bred one 2 of Hurytoma 
eccoptogastri. (i, 174), with several Hulophus allipes,®*° ete., 
in dying apple boughs which were also tenanted by Saperda 
preusta and several species of Magdalis, A few $f of 
Pteromalus bicaliginosus** (i, 190) were also bred from 
