160 Dr. T. A. Chapman and Mr. G. C. Champion on 
under-sides however disproved such a suspicion; others 
Mr. Tutt pronounces to be deione. I can only say that I 
cannot think the whole series are other than all of one 
species. 
Altogether we met with some 69 or 70 species of 
butterflies, of which only one or two others call for any 
remark. Of the Cenonyinpha pamphilus taken, one or two 
might be ordinary British examples, most are well marked 
both as to border and ocelli, and especially as to the pale 
band of under-side hind-wing being well marked and 
sharply cut off by a dark line from the dark basal portion. 
These are no doubt the form that passes as lyllus, none of 
them have the pale, nearly uniform, ochreous tone beneath 
that characterises the specimens from the Cuenca district. 
Pyrametis cardui was common everywhere, in all stages. 
Several larvee were found on Lehiwm, an extraordinary food 
plant, already recorded, however, by Mr. W. H. B. Fletcher. 
On July 9th, in descending the Casayo valley, we saw many 
specimens about the chestnut trees that were in flower. 
A few trees had none, most a dozen or so flying around 
them, but one tree, and one only, that to our senses did 
not differ from the others, had literally thousands flying 
about and settled on it. The sight was remarkable in 
itself, as a mass of butterflies, apart altogether from the 
curious selection of one special tree for the congregation. 
Aporia crategi was uncommon, but several were seen at 
Brafiuelas, and one was observed laying its eggs. She 
investigated several leaves (of hawthorn) before finding 
one that pleased her. So far as I understood her selection, 
it was necessary that she should secure a firm and satis- 
factory grip of the leaf, generally by the margin, so as to 
maintain her station without moving throughout the 
laying of the whole of the batch. The eggs are laid in as 
regular order as those of a Noctua, who keeps her ovi- 
positor in constant touch with the groups, and so appears 
to have quite an easy task in keeping the alignment. 
A. crategi does not do so. After laying an egg she 
raises her abdomen right away from the leaf as if the 
whole process was finished and remains so for several 
seconds, and then brings it down again on exactly the spot 
for laying the next egg. ‘To secure such accuracy it is 
obvious that her footing must be absolutely firm and > 
fixed. 
Other butterflies met with were Papilio machaon, not 
