aime ie at a i i a i Tl i et tee Ee i i eh ee 
ob a Pe eS 48 LV OS RE 
a remarkable undescribed form of Moth, Tineide. 179 
West Africa, figured in the Journal of the Bombay 
Natural History Society, vol. viii, 1893, p. 485. Carefully 
examined, these pupe are seen to be absurdly like monkeys’ 
faces, and in these two cases there can be no suggestion 
that the resemblance is protective, or that birds and lizards 
would see a likeness and be deterred from attacking them. 
The real fact is that we are entirely ignorant of the in- 
fluences in the environment (using the word in its widest 
sense) that mould the shapes of most natural objects 
around us, and to call strange resemblances such as those 
noted above “merely accidental” is only a confession of 
that ignorance. With regard to what are called “ pro- 
tective resemblances,” the only sure test as to whether 
they are really protective or not seems to me to lie not in 
experimenting with captured lizards and caged birds, but 
in patient watching and observations, repeated again and 
again in the field and in the forest, of the behaviour of 
bird and lizard—pre-eminent enemies of insects—when 
confronted in the course of their natural wanderings with 
cases of what we call protective mimicry. 
In conclusion, I have to thank Colonel Waller-Barrow 
for entrusting me with the specimens of the moth and its 
pupa described above. These he has now presented to 
the British Museum. I have also to express my great 
obligation to Mr. Hugh Main, B.Sc., F.E.S., for the very 
beautiful photograph of the moth and pupa, from which 
the plate accompanying this paper has been reproduced. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII. 
[See Hxplanation facing the PLars.| 
