the Life-history of Tessaratoma papillosa. 255 
On opening the wings of the adult as soon as the moult 
is accomplished and exposing the dorsal surface of the 
abdomen, the stink-glands appear to have atrophied. If 
the cast skin is examined these glands will be found as 
two yellow, soft masses enveloped by a thin membrane, 
and full of a clear yellowish fluid which has the character- 
istic smell if the little bags are ruptured. In the moulted 
skin these glands are on the under-side of the dorsal 
integument of the abdomen. The bug in the stage shown 
at Fig. 5, whether large or small, has the power of ejecting 
the spray of strong, evil-smelling fluid from the dorsal 
glands of the abdomen to a distance of several inches ; if 
received in the eye by mischance the smarting is almost 
intolerable. This liquid stains the skin yellow, much like 
a cigarette. In the adult bug the fluid is ejected from 
two glands near the third pair of coxze ; but a jet of liquid 
is also often shot from the anus; this liquid is of a darkish 
yellow-brown colour and appears to be scentless. The 
fluid ejected from the coxal glands is clear yellowish ; it 
immediately permeates (probably by capillary attraction) 
the abdominal articulations and spreads under the elytra 
on the dorsal surface. 
The adult bugs, both f and 9, are capable of stridulating 
if annoyed, but it seems probable they may use it as a 
means of signalling to each other. The under-side and 
legs of the adults become covered by degrees with a white, 
flocculent substance which becomes thicker with age. 
Those bugs which hatch late in the summer appear to 
winter in the stage shown at Fig. 5. 
The eggs of Tessaratoma papillosa are much parasitised 
by a Chalcid, and many batches of eggs may be found, 
each with the small round hole made by the exit of this 
parasite, which seems to be the main check on the increase 
of this already too numerous bug. 
