Structure and Life-history of the Holiy-fly. 271 
IV. THE PUPA AND THE EMERGENCE OF THE FLy. 
The pupa, shrouded in a delicate transparent membrane 
Seated 
coo OOF 
Fie. 10: 
Puparium, ventral view. The hinged plate has been removed ; the hooks and insertions of larval 
muscles are shown. (x 45.) 
(the true pupal skin), remains enclosed in the larval cuticle, 
which has become much thickened by calcareous deposit 
