THE JACKDAW AND THE STARLING, ETC. 125 
against its frequent services, the result is overwhelm- 
ingly in favour of the latter. 
As the rook is a kind of miniature raven, so in many 
respects is the jackdaw a miniature rook, with which 
bird, indeed, it frequently consorts during the greater 
The Jackdaw, 
part of the year. As the breeding season comes on, 
however, a separation takes place, for the jackdaw 
invariably builds under shelter, whereas the rook as 
invariably nests exposed to every wind that blows. 
It would seem, indeed, as though the constitution of 
the jackdaw were unusually delicate in early life, for, 
although during nine months of the year it roosts in 
exposed situations, the young are always most carefuly 
