INTRODUCTION. ican 
and often spoken of as Quails also exist in the New World, 
constituting some four-and-forty species, amongst which is 
the handsome Californian Quail (Lophorty« californicus), with 
its elegant nodding crest. 
There are some very small Game Birds called “ Hemipodes ” 
or “ Bustard Quails,” which are very like Quails, though they 

The Black-breasted Hemipode (Turnia taigoor). 
can easily be distinguished from the latter by their not having 
any hind toe. They are found from China to Australia, in 
India, Southern Europe, and in Africa. The Black-breasted 
Hemipode (Turnix taigoor) may serve as a type. The species 
which inhabits Spain (7. sylvatica) has even strayed as far as 
England. 
Certain Birds known as Sand-grouse are so unlike true 
