GEOGRAPHICAL RELATIONS OF BIRDS. 245 
which is, however, also found in Siam. More than thirty-six 
genera are peculiar to this subregion. 
THe Nearcric REGION is one which is very poor in altogether 
peculiar genera. On the one hand there is an entanglement 
southwards with the Neotropical avifauna, while on the other 
there is a great sameness between the Birds of North America, 
Europe, and Siberia. There is, in fact, a considerable common 
circumpolar avifauna. Out of three hundred and _ thirty 
Nearctic genera, more than one third are common to it and the 
Palwaretic region. 
One of the most popularly known and truly peculiar of 
American birds is the Turkey, and everyone has heard of the 
Canvas-back Duck, the Mocking-bird, and the Passenger Pigeon 
—which are, in summer, mostly confined to the Nearctic portion 
of the American continent. Those beautiful and exclusively 
American forms—the Humming-birds—make their appearance 
even in the northern part of the Nearctic region, although, of 
course, they become more numerous southwards. The most 
characteristic family of the Nearctic region is that named A/n- 
otiltide, which contains brilliant little Warblers, which take the 
place of the Old-World Sylviide. 
Altogether there are about tw enty-four genera of birds abso- 
lutely peculiar to the Nearctic region, al besides these there 
are twenty-seven genera which have their home in it but migrate 
in winter to the Neotropical region, the relation of the avifaunas 
of these two regions being in Central America in the winter, 
like those before mentioned as existing between the Palearctic 
and Ethiopian faunas in the same season. 
As to the appearance of different kinds in different provinces 
of this region, it may be remarked as follows :— 
A peculiar Wren-like bird, Chamea, held to constitute a sub- 
family by itself, is peculiar to California, as is also the Crested 
Partridge (Oreortyx picta) and the great Californian Vulture— 
except that the latter ranges somewhat more northwards. 
In the Alleghanian province we find the only North-American 
Parrot (Conurus carolinensis) and the Mocking-bird, while it is 
the main home of the Passenger Pigeon. Turkeys in the Pale- 
arctic region are only found eastwards of the Rocky Mountains, 
and are now extinct in the settled districts of Pennsylvania, 
New England, and Canada. Flamingoes are found in Florida, 
where also a Pelican may be met with, and another in California, 
and a Darter, in summer, ascends to North Carolina and Mlaveree 
