THE CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS. 277 
Suborder 1. Pygopodes. 
Cnemial process of tibia very large ; posterior processes of 
ilium almost conceal sacrum dorsally ; spinal feather-tracts not 
defined on the neck; a small hind toe; ambiens present or 
absent: young able to run or swim in a few hours. 
Suborder 2. Alce. 
Cnemial process of tibia not very large; sacrum not hidden 
dorsally by posterior processes of ilium; spinal feather-tract 
forked on the upper back; no hind toe; no ambiens; a tufted 
oil-gland ; ceca to intestine ; nasals schizorhinal ; fontanelles in 
lateral occipitals : young fed in the nest for many days. 
The order contains five families, two for the first suborder, 
and three for the second. ‘The first family is formed by the 
Divers‘, whence it is termed Colymbide, and similarly the 
second family is called Podicipide, from the Grebes *, which com- 
ose it. 
7 The third family Alcide consists of the Razorbills*, Auks, 
and Puflfins*. The fourth family is termed Simorhynchide 
(from a genus Simorhynchus from North America, Kamtskatka, 
and Japan), and the fifth and last, called Uriade, includes the 
Guillemots’; it also contains the Little Auk-’. 
The fifteenth Order Lamellirostres embraces three suborders :— 
1. Phenicoptert; 2. Anseres; and 3. Palamedew, and about 195 
species. 
Their characters may be thus set down :— 
Order XV. LAMELLIROSTRES. 
Young born covered with down and able to run in a few 
hours; palate desmognathous; maxillo-palatines broad, flat, 
and medianly united; they may be large and spongy; basi- 
pterygoid mostly represented by sessile, oval facets placed very 
far forwards ; toes webbed, or at least united by a fold of skin. 
1 P, 20, 2 P. 20. 3 P, 29, 
* Pp. 23 & 25. 5 Pp Qi, 6 P, 22, 
