278 ELEMENTS OF ORNITHOLOGY. 
Bill almost always flattened and laterally expanded, or, if not, 
then either without uncinate processes, or bill so bent that its 
distal part is almost at right angles with its proximal part. 
Suborder 1. Pheenicoptert. 
Basipterygoid processes absent or rudimentary; bill bent 
vertical almost at right angles; nasals holorhinal; uncinate 
processes present ; mandible produced and recurved behind its 
articulation with the quadrate; maxillo-palatines large and 
spongy; frontals narrow; grooves for orbital glands ; a tufted 
oil-gland ; czeca well developed. 
Suborder 2. Anseres. 
Basipterygoid processes articulate with pterygoids as near 
palatines as possible; maxillo-palatines coalesced in the middle 
line, but not large and spongy ; bill flattened and laterally ex- 
panded ; uncinate processes present ; mandible extending back 
beyond quadrate and recurved ; sternum with one posterior, 
shallow notch ; oil-gland tufted. 
Suborder 3. Palamedee, 
Basipterygoid processes present; bill neither laterally ex- 
panded nor vertically bent at right angles ; cervical vertebre 
more than 18; no uncinate processes; maxillo-palatines not 
large and spongy; mandible not much produced backwards 
but recurved; no spinal bare tract; oil-gland tufted: ceca 
present. 
There are nine families in the order, seven of which belong to 
the suborder “ Anseres.” 
The first family Phenicopteride includes only the Flamingoes '; 
the second, Plectropteride, is named from a genus Plectropterus, 
which contains two species from Tropical Africa. The third 
family, Anseride, includes the true Geese*. The Swans® con- 
AP ot. oeB ola eB. LD. 
