Il8 THE WORLD'S BIRDS. 



(Saxicola cenanthe), the most widely distributed of all, 

 extends to America, being found both in Greenland and 

 Alaska. 



Our well-known Song -Thrush [Turdus musicus) 

 and Blackbird {Merula menda) range as far as Persia, 

 and the latter to Kashmir ; they are now established 

 in New Zealand. The Missel-Thrush (Turdus visci- 

 vorus) extends along the Himalayas. The self-coloured 

 Thrushes, or Ouzels, allied to the Blackbird, have a 

 wider range than the spotted ones, some being found 

 even in the Pacific Islands. The best-known North 

 American Thrush is the " American Robin " {Turdus 

 migratorius), of the size of our Blackbird, drab above, 

 with black cap and tail, and cinnamon -red below. It 

 lays blue eggs, and is a familiar garden bird. The 

 Sabia {Turdus fumigatus) is the most famous songster 

 in Brazil ; it is a light brown Thrush about the size of 

 our Song-thrush. 



The Nightingale belongs to the Robin group ; our 

 common species (Erithacus luscinia) is replaced in 

 Eastern Europe by the Sprosser {E. philomela), and in 

 Persia by the true Bulbul of poetry {E, golzii) ; but all 

 three are much alike in appearance. 



Our Robin {E. rubecida) ranges east to Persia. 

 The common Robin of India and Burma is the Dhyal 

 {Copsychus saularis), pied black-and-white in the male, 

 grey-and-white in the female ; at the Cape the Jan- 

 fredric {Cossypha cafra), grey above, with white eye- 

 brows, and tail, as well as breast, rusty red, takes its 

 name and place. 



In North America the Blue-bird {Sialia sialis) is the 

 most Robin-like species, sky-blue above and bay below 

 in the male, duller in the female ; it is rather larger and 

 longer-winged than our Robin, but has similar tame 

 habits, though less of a ground-feeder. 



The Dippers {Cinclus) are aquatic Thrushes, with 

 short tails and dark plumage, sometimes relieved by 



