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THE WORLD'S BIRDS. 



of course, free access to water and plenty of fish 

 as food. The Black-footed species [Spheniscus 

 demersus) was bred successfully in the Jardin 

 d'Acclimatation at Paris, in a small enclosure, 

 with a very small pond and dog-kennels for nest- 

 ing-places. Since then it has also bred in the 

 London Zoological Gardens. 

 Distribution and Important Species. — The seas of 

 the Southern Hemisphere, one species {Spheniscus 

 mendiciilus) only having a range much outside 

 these, i.e., round the Galapagos. They often 

 form the chief animal life in Antarctic regions. 

 About sixteen species are known, of which one, 

 the Cape Penguin {Spheniscus demersus), is the 

 only one really familiar, owing to its being common 

 in captivity. The Rock-hopper {Eudyptes chry- 

 socome), with its conspicuous yellow crest, is also 

 well known. Penguins are well-known birds on 

 the New Zealand and Falkland Islands coasts, but 

 as a rule their breeding-places are on remote 

 islands far away from human inhabitants. 



Petrels {ProcellariidcB). 



Diagnosis. — Web-footed birds, with tubular nostrils. 



Size. — From larger than a swan to the size of a swallow. 



Form. — Bill of medium length or long, with hooked 

 tip, the horny covering divided into sections 

 by grooves, the nostrils tubular — the tubes either 

 separate or fused — and the corner of the mouth 

 in front of the eye. Feet with shanks of varying 

 length, and three fully-webbed front toes, the 

 hind-toe absent or only represented by its claw. 

 Wings generally long and narrow ; tail usually 

 rather short. 



Plumage and Colouration. — Colouring sombre, and 



