21 
that the Elm is not indigenous, but introduced by the Romans. 
This opinion is refuted by the Elm being found in a submarine 
forest near St. Michael’s Mount, in Cornwall. Dr. Boase found 
there, says Sir H. De la Beche, remains of a wood consisting of 
Alder, Oak and Elm. (t) 
This statement, however, is referred to by Mr. Chisholm 
Batten, apparently with some hesitation in a subsequent paper. (2) 
If the Submarine Forest spoken of was not of recent formation 
the discovery of Elm in it would not of itself entitle the Elm to - 
be called Native any more than the remains of the Elephant and 
Rhinoceros found by Mr. Winwood in the gravel beds near 
Bath (3) would entitle the Elephant and Rhinoceros to be called 
Natives of Somersetshire. The name zative could only be given 
to what existed here in historic times. ; 
Mr. Murray, in his recent Flora of Somerset asks, “Is the Elm 
found in Submarine Forests ?” 
Mr. Winwood has kindly helped me to answer this question of 
Mr. Murray’s, and has referred me to “ The Origin of the British 
Flora,” 1899 (above referred to), by Cleiment Reid, F.R.S., who 
is, he says, the greatest authority on the subject. 
The following are extracts from Mr. Reid’s book :—‘‘ The Peat 
and submerged Forests of the Foreland yield numerous remains 
of trees,” amongst these, according to Mr. A. Bell, the Elm 
appears. (4) 
“At Happesburg, Norfolk. Slabs of clay-ironstone full of 
leaves and twigs are thrown up by storms at this spot.” He 
specifies amongst other trees the elm. (5) 
ee eee ae 
(1) ‘Report on the Geology of Cornwall, Devon and West Somerset,” 
p. 418: citing “* Trans. Geol. Soc. of Cornwall,” Vol. 3, p. 173. 
(2) ‘*Som. Arch. and Nat. Hist. Proc.,” Vol. 37, p. 108. 
(3) ‘‘ Bath Field Club Proc.,” Vol. 6, p. 95- 
(4) ‘* The Origin of the British Flora,” p. 69. 
(5) ‘* The Origin of the British Flora,” p. 74+ 
