34 
cavity ; in Ulmus Montana the fruit is slightly notched at the top, 
the seed-bearing cavity placed considerably below the notch. (1) 
Ulmus Campestris scarcely ever ripens its seed and produces a 
great quantity of suckers: U/mus Montana ripens its seed in 
profusion, but throws up no suckers. 
The Elms flower early in spring, before the leaves, and thus 
give a red colouring to the trees. 
Of the U/mus Campestris in the Kew “ Hand List of Trees 
grown in the Arboretum” 27 named varieties are given. In the 
same list of U/mus Montana 15 varieties are given. 
A large number of them will be found, particularly in the Royal 
Avenue. 
The first lease of the Royal Avenue is dated 1st September, 
1830, and is from Dame Martha Rivers Gay to John Davies, 
Chemist, and Thomas Blanchard Coward, Linen Draper. These 
gentlemen were conspicuous amongst those to whom we owe the 
Park. 
The Royal Avenue was soon after laid out and the Elms 
planted. This will give their age at about 70 years. 
It appears from the Plan on the lease that the ground where 
the Royal Avenue now runs was then enclosed fields. This with 
the Lower Common was rented by the then Park Committee, and 
the paths across the Common laid out and planted with trees, 
chiefly Elms, the more rare varieties being planted in the Park, 
particularly in the Royal Avenue. 
In Mr. Hanham’s “Manual for the Park,” published in 1857, 
the varieties of U/mus Campestris therein included are stated to. 
be 9 and of Ulmus Montana 14, also of Ulmus Americana 3. 
At present we have all of these except two, and we have three 
not in his list. 
The greatest trouble has been always taken by the late Mr. 
Gore, by Mr. Bartrum, and at the present time, to keep up the 
(1) ‘* Handbook of British Flora.” Bentham and Hooker. p. 401. 
