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number of varieties. In some cases it was impossible to replace 
Elms. For instance, Ul/mus Campestris Concavefolia, a very 
beautiful variety, which could not be purchased, was ultimately 
obtained by grafting from a tree we had. 
The difficulty is that the varieties do not come true from seed, 
and the suckers of the tree, grafted on Ul/mus Campestris, come 
up the common English Elm; the varieties therefore die out. I 
have been trying to get U/mus Campestris Virens, which is very 
highly spoken of by Selby and Loudon ; it is stated to be almost 
evergreen, but Mr. Veitch cannot procure it. 
In answer to my enquiries, Mr. Milburn, the highly valued 
Superintendent of the Victoria Park, has sent me the following, 
from which I conclude that to obtain a tree of any particular 
variety the only way is to graft. He says :— 
“J feel sure that all our varieties (not species) have been 
grafted. My reason for this conclusion is, they have all been 
transplanted, and grafting is the usual means of perpetuating 
varieties, especially of forest trees. 
“ As regards the older or matured trees it is difficult to trace 
the position of union between the scion and stock, the reason for 
this being, and more particularly in earlier days, the grafting of 
trees was performed close to the ground so that after a few years 
the position of union would become obliterated. I quite believe 
that on account of Camfestris being a shy seed-bearer this would 
sometimes be grafted on Montana; there appears to be some 
evidence of this in the last old tree, west end, in Royal Avenue, 
In our younger Elm trees there are one or two exceptions to the 
rule of grafting close to the ground; in variety Lous Van Houtte 
growing in the bank near Queen Square entrance, and in variety 
Webbiana near the Lake (these varieties have evidently been 
grafted on the opposite species to which they belong, thus 
showing two distinctive kinds of bark which will no doubt be 
perpetuated throughout their lives); in these two instances the 
point of union is a considerable distance from the ground. The 
