44 
acres as the extent of the terra ad unam carrucam, though we 
must bear in mind terra is not terra arabilis, but a general term 
for all kinds of land except waste. We must try to ascertain what 
acre was in use in the western district at the time of Domesday. 
There are reasons for thinking that it was what is technically 
known as the small acre, 12-16ths of the statute acre, 7.¢., 160 of 
these acres = 120 statute acres. 
The Exon Book admits, though the Exchequer fails to interpret 
it, an unit of width for land measure, viz., the furlong, 40 perches. 
The square furlong 40 x 40 perches is called the quarantena or 
quadrigenaria, 10 acres. (‘‘Eyton’s Dorset,” p. 30.) Taking 
this to be the ferding or ferling of Domesday, these equations follow. 
1 hide = 4 virgates = 16 ferlings = 160 acres. Why Eyton 
(Vol I., p. 25) takes the fiscal ferling as 3 acres it is difficult to 
see. Regarded as tax the hide in 1084 represented 6 shillings, 
but as a question of area 160 small acres. In later times the 
Glastonbury Cartulary proves beyond doubt these measurements 
to have been used. (Vol. V. “Somt. Records,” p. 25). It would 
be easy enough to explain a change from the small acre to the 
statute one; we can hardly imagine the small acre taking the 
place of the statute one. But further difficulties must be faced— 
What was the carruca of demesne, and of the villani? Was ita 
team of oxen? Or was it some area of arable land? In the first 
place there isa general correspondence between the number of 
plough lands and the number of ploughs in a manor, and if 
a plough land represents land of all kinds, and a plough 120 
statute acres of arable land, what becomes of the wood, pasture, 
&c.? On the other hand there are many notable exceptions. 
Cantetona, Willetona and Carentona (89) have together 106 
plough lands, but only 52 ploughs: Betministra (gob) has 26 
and 13: Briuuetona (91), 50 and 21: King’s Brompton (103), 
60 and 23: Dulverton, 21 and 10: Cleeve (103b), 33 and 21: 
Winsford (104b), 60 and 15: Chruca (105), 40 and 27: Chewton 
(114b), 44 and 3c}, and soon. Surely these ploughs are utterly 
