GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 263 



Species, Distribution 



20. Shannon Pollan (C Lakes of the Shannon System. 



elegans, Thomps.). 



21. Povvan (C clicpeoides, Lochs Lomond and Eck. 



Lacep.). 



22. Schelly {C. stigniaticus^ Haweswater, UUsvvater, and 



Regan). the Red Tarn. 



23. Gwyniad {C. penitantii^ Bala Lake, Merionethshire. 



Cuv. and Val.). 



The Char are essentially fishes of mountain lakes, 

 which are usually deep and cold ; in our islands they 

 are found in Scotland, Ireland, the Lake District of 

 England, and North Wales, in fact, in all parts where 

 there are suitable lakes. 



The Whitefish belong to three types : the Vendaces, 

 inhabiting lakes connected with the Solway, are two 

 closely related forms which are quite distinct from 

 their continental allies in the countries round the 

 Baltic ; species of the Vendace type also ascend 

 Siberian rivers from the Arctic seas. The three forms 

 of Pollan in the Irish lakes are also very similar 

 to each other, but are not represented in Europe, 

 although Pollan-like fishes inhabit the Arctic Ocean 

 and run up the rivers of Siberia. The Powan, Schelly, 

 and Gwyniad are only local forms of one species, 

 which is closely related to Coregonus ivartmanni of 

 the Alps, to forms inhabiting Scandinavia, and to 

 anadromous Arctic species. 



So far we have dealt only with fishes which spend 

 a part of their life in the sea, or which have been quite 

 recently derived from anadromous species, the latter 

 category including all the forms peculiar to the 

 British Isles. We have now to deal with fishes which 

 pass the whole of their lives in fresh water, which are 



