DESCRIPTION OF CAMPS. 347 



unfortunately, the most accessible portions of this forest had been almost 

 completely destroyed by the incessant cutting- of timber to supply the 

 market of western Nevada. These woods were composed of several species 

 of pines and spruces, but the Pinus ponderosa was the prevailing growth. 

 We have no notes respecting the size of the largest timber, but probably 

 few trees exceeded 150 feet in height, and we saw none of more than four 

 feet in diameter. The undergrowth was in places very dense, and consisted 

 mainly of a shining-leafed evergreen Ceanothus and other bushes of similar 

 appearance. Owing to the distance to the base of the mountains and the 

 difficult}^ of ascending to the dense pine timber of the higher portions of 

 the n)ountains, Ave seldom peneti-ated farther than to the edge of the uncut 

 forest, where the characteristic birds of the pines were found to be 

 abundant. The most common species were the Mountain Jay (Ci/auura 

 frontalis), Clarke's Nutcracker {Pkicorvus colunibianus), Nuthatches (Sitfa 

 acitlcafa and S. i^ngnuva), Mountain Chickadees {Parus moutcD/us), and, in 

 the early spring, Carpodacus cassini. The winter residents of the pines, 

 besides those named above, were the folio wintr: — 



Sialia mcxicana Common. 



Certhia americaua . Common. 



Eegulus satrapa Bare. 



Lophophanes inornatus Common. 



Picus harrisi Common. 



Picns albolarvatus Common. 



Picoides arcticus . . Rare. 



Sphyrapicus thyroideus . Common. 



Sphyrapicus Duchalis One spec. 



Colaptes mexicaniis Common. 



Bubo .subarcticu.s Common. 



Falco sparverius . Common. 



Nisu.s cooperi Rare, 



Aquila canadensis Common. 



Archibiiteo saiictijobaiinis Ahnmlant. 



Biiteo calurus Common. 



Oreortyx pictus Common. 



In the spring, besides Carpodacus cassini, the following species were 

 added to the hst: — 



Pipilo cblorurns (ravines) April 25. 



Melanerpes torquatus {scattered jrines) April 2^5. 



Cyanocitta califoruica (foothills) April 29. 



Melospiza lincolni (foot-hills) April 29. 



Myiadestes townsendi (pine forests) May 4. 



h. Cedar and piilon (jrorcs of the desert mountains. 

 The scant groves of stunted cedars and pifion on several ranges to the 

 eastward are the only ai^proach to woods on the desert mountains. In 



