360 ORNITHOLOGY. 



Alpine icoods. 



Turdus migratoriiis Common. 



Siiilia arctica Abundant. 



Carpodacus cassiui Abundant 



Cbrysomitiis piuus Ahtindant. 



Spizella arizoiisB Common. 



Pipilo chloiurus Common. 



Cliffs and rocky places. 



Salpinctes obsoletiis Abundant. 



Oathcipcs conspersus Common. 



Taiili.vciiicta tlialassiiia Abundant. 



Ilinindo lioiieoniiii Common. 



retrochclidou hiuifioiis Very abunWt. 



Sayoriiis sayus Rare. 



Pauyptila saxatilis ...... . . Very abmuVt. 



Fa'co polyagrus Common. 



Faico iJiBvius Rare. 



Falco sparverius . Abundant. 



Aqnila cauadensis Common. 



Biiteo calurus Common. 



Buteo swainsoni Common. 



Open meadows. 



Pooecetes confinis. Common. 



Chondestes grammaca. . . . Common. 

 Stellnla calliope Abiindant. 



Trocbiliis alexandri Common. 



Selaspliorus platycercus . .. Very abnnd't. 



26. Overland Ranche, Ruby Valley (August 28-September 3). — The 

 cliaracteristics of both valley and mountains were quite difFerent from those 

 at "Camp 19," although both were a continuation of the same. The lime- 

 stone formations of the southern portion of the range had become trans- 

 foi-med to steeper and more rugged granite peaks, the highest of wliich 

 towered to an altitude of about 12,000 feet, while, owing to their granitic 

 structure and extreme ruggedness, their slopes and spurs were almost desti- 

 tute of vegetation. The canons, however, supported a lu.xuriant growth 

 of shrubs and other plants, with here and there small copses or groves of 

 aspen and narrow-leafed cotton-wood (Populus angustifolia), the copses and 

 tliickets having usually an undergrowth of briery rosaceous shrubs, but 

 these, in places, were replaced by a carpeting of beautiful ferns. Unlike 

 localities farther southward in this valley, this shrubbery was continued 

 across the valley, on the borders of the stream, to the meadows which 

 extend to the shores of Franklin Lake. The meadow-lands of the valley 

 hud l)econie transformed by cultivation into broad fields of grain, more than 

 a thousand acres of the valley being thus reclaimed. The lake, which 

 occupied the more depressed portion of the valley, was simply an enlarge- 

 ment of Ruby Lake, containing in its central portion a wide expanse of 

 open water, in which thousands of water-fowl dwelt secure from the gunnex* — 



