426 ORNITHOLOGY. 



Upper mandible, sepiablack ; commissure and lower mandible, pale lilaceous; iris, 

 brown ; tarsi, dark sepia-plumbeous; toes, paler, whitish beneath. 



14()7, S juv.; Parley's Park, July 28. 4|— 6§. Same remarks. 



1 470, i juv.; July 29. 5J— 7. 



1494, 3 j(u-.; o|—G^. 1493,^ juv.; ^—Gl. August 7. Same remarks as to 1459. 



Family MOTACILLID^— Wagtails and Tit-laeks, or Pipits. 

 Anthus ludoyicianus. 



Alauda ludoviciana, Gmelin, Syst.Nat., I, 1788,793. 



Anthus ludovicimius, Light., Verz., 182;?, 27.— Baird, B. N. Am., 1858, 232; Cat. 

 N. Am. B., 1859, No. 1G5 ; Review, 18G4, 153.— B. B. & R.. Hist. N. Am. B., I, 

 1874, 171, pi. X, flg. 3.— Cooper, Oru. Cal., 78.— Coues, Key, 1872, 90, tig. 34; 

 Check List, 1873, No. 55 ; B. N.W., 1874, 40.— Henshaav, 1875, 187. 



Perhaps no bird of tlie Interior is more abundant in winter than the 

 Tit-hirk is, at times, in localities of a nature calculated to attract them. At 

 the Truckee Meadows they came in immense flocks in November, and 

 spread over the soggy meadows, where they remained during the mod- 

 erately cold weather for the greater portion of the winter, occasionally 

 congregating by thousands about the haystacks and corrals. They were 

 equally abundant at Carson City, particularly in the vicinity of the wann 

 springs, where the high temperature of the water kept the meadow soft 

 and comparatively green, even during the coldest Aveather. In April, just 

 before their departure for the North, we observed them in their more 

 highly-colored plumage. 



List of specimens. 



193, 2 ad.; West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, September 17, 18G7. (Stream, in 

 garden.) G — 10— 3^'^ — 2f — y'^= — if — 2^^ — 1. Upper mandible, dark horn-color, darker 

 terminally; lower, paler, nearly straw-yellow at base; iris, hazel; tarsi and toes, dark 

 born-color. 



270, 9 ad.; Truckee Meadows, November 8. 6if — 1 0^— 3/^— 2|— i|— if— 2|— 1,%. 

 Bill, black; basal half of lower mandible, light-brown; iris, hazel ; tafsi and toes, very 

 dark blackish-brown. 



274, 9 ad.; Truckee Meadows, November 15. G.J— 10— 3^^— 2| J— J— i ?;— -'J— ^fV- 

 Ui)per mandible and tip of lower, nearly black, remaining portion dull wax-yellow, 

 deepest basally — almost lemon-yellow on rictus; iris, deep Vandyke; tarsi and toes, 

 uniform blackish, toes not darker — dull light-yellowish beneath. 



275, i ad.; Truckee Meadows, November 15. GJ— 11^^—31— 2}|— J— |f—2S— 

 11. Toes more blackish than tarsus. 



