ca) 
= CURLEW SANDPIPER. 
bright rust-colour, which in winter becomes grey or white; 
iris, very dark brown; it is encircled with whitish feathers. 
Forehead, white, whitish, or mixed with pale reddish brown, 
according to the time of the year; head on the crown, neck 
on the back, and nape, bright rust-coloured or chesnut, with 
black spots and marks on the feathers; in winter the rust- | 
colour fades into grey on the sides of the head, and on “the 
back it is greyish brown, streaked and spotted with darker 
brown, with a slight olivaceous gloss. Chin, whitish; in winter 
white; throat and breast above, and on the sides, reddish rust- 
colour or chesnut, the latter with white edges to the feathers 
towards winter, and a dusky marking between the two colours; 
below white, with indistinct rust-coloured or chesnut markings, 
and arrow-headed black spots and streaks; in winter the chesnut 
becomes white, yellowish white, or grey, and of this colour is. 
the whole under surface of the body; back above, nearly 
black, each feather edged with reddish chesnut brown; on the 
lower part, blackish grey edged with white, gradually paler, and 
the feathers edged with white; in winter the rust-colour 
becomes brown with a slight tinge of olivaceous bronze. 
The wings, which, when closed, reach a little beyond the 
tail, have the first quill feather the longest, the axillary 
plume white; greater wing coverts, dusky grey, the edges 
paler, the shafts black; in winter the lesser coverts are grey, 
the centre of the feather rather darker than the rest; lesser 
wing coverts, nearly black, each feather broadly edged with. 
reddish chesnut or rust-colour; in winter the latter becomes 
white from yellowish white in autumn; primaries and second- 
aries, dusky black with white shafts, the latter in winter 
become edged with white; tertiaries, nearly black, each feather 
broadly edged with reddish chesnut or rust-colour, which in 
winter changes to white from yellowish white in autumn. 
The tail, of twelve feathers, is brownish grey with white 
tips and shafts to the feathers, those towards the outside 
paler and clouded, underneath it is greyish white; it Is 
wedge-shaped; upper tail coverts, white, with a few square 
dusky spots; in winter with or without dusky markinys or bars; 
under tail coverts reddish white, barred and spotted with black 
spots of an arrow-headed form. The legs, which are rather long, 
and the toes, greenish black; in winter, greenish brown, claws, 
black. 
While assuming the winter garb the rust-colour is of course 
more or less intermingled with the blackish brown. 
