556 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
the head. The teeth are in the usual bands, that of the upper jaw 
having an outer series a little enlarged. The length of the barbel 
is equal to the interorbital width. The gill-membranes unite in a 
free fold directly below the preopercular ridge; there are seven 
branchiostegal rays. 
The scales are armed by numerous rather long spinules arranged 
in quincunx order; the last spinules project beyond the margin of 
the scale. Nine rows of scales separate the origin of the second 
dorsal fin from the lateral line series. 
The anus is about equidistant from the origin of the anal and 
from the base of the outer. ventral ray; it is preceded by a naked 
area. 
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Fig. 38.—LIONURUS INFRANUDIS. TYPE. ba 
The second dorsal spine is longer than the distance between the 
tip of snout and the origin of the anal fin; the basal half of the spine 
is armed with 11 widely spaced denticulations. The pectoral and 
ventral fins are inserted on the same vertical. The inner ventral 
rays, when depressed, fall short of the origin of the anal. 
Color in alcohol, gray-brown, becoming blackish on the belly, 
opercles, and nasal fossa; pale on the jaws and the underside of the 
snout. All of the fins, excepting the second dorsal, are black. The 
buccal and branchial cavities are lined with black, without lght 
margins except along the bands of teeth and at the corners of the 
mouth; the parietal peritoneum is brownish black laterally, but 
silvery with black spots ventrally (except about the anus). 
Measurements in hundredths of length to anus (50 mm.)—Length 
of head, 82; length of orbit, 24; width of interorbital, 17; width of 
suborbital, 10; orbit to preopercle, 31; length of snout, 24; length of 
