PHILIPPINE MACROUROID FISHES—GILBERT AND HUBBS. 561 
Fin-rays—first dorsal II, 11 (both specimens) ; pectoral, 18 (22) ; 
ventral, 10 (both sides of both specimens). 
This species belongs to that peculiarly formed group typi- 
fied by ZL. pumiliceps, the last species. The depth of the body, 
greatest below the highly elevated origin of the first dorsal fin, is 
one orbital length longer than the head. In the type the ventral 
contour behind the anus is markedly concave, but is quite straight 
in the paratype; this variation is paralleled in pumiliceps. The 
head is short and blunt, vertical between the tip of the snout and 
the mouth. Length of snout in head, 3.6 (3.4); oblique length of 
orbit, 2.65 (2.7) ; least interorbital width in postorbital, 1.4 (1.3) ; least 
suborbital width less than half the orbital length; barbel much less 
Fic. 40.—LIONURUS DECIMALIS. TYPE. 
than half as long as the orbit. The small mouth stands at an angle 
of about 45° with the horizontal, paralleling the sharp suborbital 
ridge. The vertical preopercular ridge, separated above by the 
diameter of the pupil from the eye, is only slightly produced back- 
ward at its roundedangle. There are 7 rudimentary gill-rakers on the 
lower limb of the first arch; branchiostegals, 7. The gill-membranes 
are free forward to below the orbit. 
The anus lies a little in advance of the origin of the anal fin, 
which is almost directly below the origin of the first dorsal. The 
scaleless peritroct is as wide as the pupil. 
Eight rows of scales separate the lateral line series from the origin 
of the second dorsal fin. Each scale of the body is armed with five 
to seven parallel rows of spinulés. ‘The scales are reduced in size 
on the cheeks, the under surface of the head and in a strip extend- 
ing forward from the first dorsal fin and including the top of the 
head: those along the suborbital ridge are strengthened and angu- 
