95 
GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL, 
WAGEL. COB. 
Larus marinus, 
“ ncevius 4 (young,) 
“ niger , 
Pennant. Montagu. Selby. 
Bewick. Fleming. Jenyns. 
Gould. Temminck. 
Bewick, 
Brisson. 
Larus—A. ravenous sea-bird. Marinus— Belonging to the sea—marine. 
This fine bird occurs in Europe, in Sweden, the Ferroe 
Islands, Denmark, France, Italy, Germany, Holland, Norway, 
and Iceland. In America, in Greenland, Baffin’s Bay, Labrador, 
and as far south as Florida. In Asia, in the vicinity of the 
Caspian Sea. 
It is with us a not uncommon though not numerous 
species; seen throughout the year on the shores of the island, 
but for the most part singly or in pairs. 
They breed abundantly in the Orkney and Shetland Islands, 
also on the Bass Rock, in the Firth of Forth, and one or 
two other stations on the Scottish coast, and the northern 
islands of the same; so to on Lundy Island and Steep Holme, 
in the Bristol Channel; Souliskerry in the Orkneys; and in 
Shetland; as also, according to Mr. Yarrell, on the low lands 
of the estuary of the Thames. 
In Yorkshire, I have seen the Black-backed Gull near 
Burlington, and it is not uncommon on the coast. So in 
Norfolk, at Yarmouth, and along the shore; as likewise in 
Suffolk, Durham, and Northumberland, also in Devonshire, 
and Dorsetshire. In Surrey it has occurred at Godaiming. 
In Cambridgeshire one was bought at Cambridge, in the 
market. In Oxfordshire, small parties of four or five have 
been frequently noticed. In Cornwall the species is not un¬ 
common at Falmouth, Penryn River, and other parts. In 
Kent and Essex along the banks of the Thames. 
It is a tolerably common species in Ireland, and a resident 
