110 
KITTIWAKE. 
less of the outer web the same, the fourth and fifth with a 
black patch near the end, but the extreme tips white. Second¬ 
aries, bluish grey, tipped with white; tertiaries, bluish grey, 
tipped with white; greater and lesser under wing coverts white. 
Tail, white; upper tail coverts, white; under tail coverts, white. 
The legs, which are rather short and slight, and somewhat 
far back, are, as the toes, dusky greenish black or olive. 
The hind toe is only rudimentary, and hence one of the 
specific names of the bird. It is without any claw; webs, dusky. 
The young at first have the bill black; a spot before the 
eyes and also behind the ears deep blackish grey; back, deep 
bluish grey. The tertiaries with part of their outer webs 
black; the tail, except the outermost feather on each side, with 
a broad black bar along its end. 
In the young after the first autumnal moult the bill is yellow, 
tinged with blackish green at the tip, the mouth inside pale 
red; iris, dusky brown, there is a blackish grey spot in front 
of and behind the eyes, the eyelids grey. The back of the 
head is blackish grey ; on the nape is a broad patch of black, 
the edges shaded off into bluish grey; chin, throat, and breast, 
white; upper part of the back, deep bluish grey. Greater 
and lesser wing coverts, spotted with blackish brown and grey. 
The three first primaries are black, with the exception of a 
band of white on the inner webs; the tertiaries are black on 
the outer webs, the inner paler bluish grey and edged with 
white. The tail is considerably forked, the outermost feathers 
on each side are white, the others have a blackish brown bar 
at the tips about three quarters of an inch wide; under tail 
coverts, white; legs and toes, deep dull green. 
