32 ON BIRDS FROM THE ANDAMANS. [1866. 



regarded as distinct:— 1st, Lanius leucorhjnchus, Gra., from the Philippines; 2ud, Lanius 

 leucogasicr, Valenc, ex Manilla and Timor ; 3rd, Onjptems papuensis, Tenim., ex New Guinea 

 and Timor (apud Bp.) ; 4th, Artamus leucopygidlis, Gould, ex Australia. Prince Bonaparte has 

 distinguished the three first from each other solely by their comparative dimensions. 



Lanius leucorhynchus, Gm., was founded on Lanhts manillemis, Briss. (Orn. ii. p. 130), and 

 is equal to Lanius dominicamis, Gm., founded on Sonnerat's Pie-gricsche Dominiquaine des 

 Philippines (Voy. Xouv. Guin. p. 55, pi. 25, and also figured by Buffon, PI. Enl. pi. 9. f. 1). 

 This species Valenciennes (Mem. du Mus. 1820, vi. p. 27) partly includes under his Ocypterus 

 leucogaster, the characters of which he appears to have drawn, not from Manilla, but from Timor 

 specimens at the time preserved in the Paris Museum. He tells us that, as all the species of the 

 genus have the bill blue, and not white, he preferred altering Gmelin's designation to that of 

 leucogaster. I have failed in seeing a Manilla specimen ; but Brisson gives the colour of the 

 bill as gris-hlanc, and Sonnerat states it to be grisutre. Both these authors described the darker 

 portions of the plumage as very dark ; the first uses the expression noirdtre, while Sonnerat says 

 that they are black ; and they are represented as black in both Bufi"on's and Sonnerat's plates. 

 Valenciennes described his specimens as haraig the head, throat, wings, and the tail above 

 ardoisees. He adds that there is no more reason for adopting the title of leucorhijnchus than 

 there is for adopting that of dominicanus. Thus it would appear that the Manilla species is 

 altogether a darker bird than that of Timor, and that Valenciennes had not seen it. 



Two specimens obtained by Mr. AVallace, one in Mysol and the other in Lombok, agree in 

 every respect with the description of ^. papuensis, Temm. (Consp. G. Av. i. p. 342), and the 

 habitat of which is there given as Timor and New Guinea. But may not these really represent 

 the true leucogaster, Val. ? 

 P.Z.S. 1SC6, The Javan and Sumatran races [Lcptopteryx leucorhynchns (Gm.), Horsf Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. 



p. 556. p 3()g) only have been referred by Prince Bonaparte to leucogaster, Val. ; but as Valenciennes 

 omits all mention of specimens from those islands, the adoption of his designation does not 

 appear to be well founded. If this form does difier from the two preceding, it would seem 

 to be without a title, were it not probable that the Andaman race is identical with it ; for on 

 comparing Captain Beavan's specimens with a Morcton Bay example of A. leucopygialis, Gould, 

 I can detect no distinctions between them. Actual comparison must, however, be made with 

 Javan and Sumatran individuals. 



6. Onychopkion MEL.VNAUCI1EN (Tcmm.). 



Sterna melannuchen, Temm. PI. Col. 427. 



No. 8. Andamans. 



In full plumage. , 



