18G9.] BY LINNJlUS and GMELIN. 61 



But out of the whole number of twenty-nine species only nine can retain Gmelin's titles ; for the 

 remainder are either duplicates, or their designations are forestalled by previous authors, or else IWs, 1B09, 

 have been raised to generic rank. 



The following titles were given to doubtful species, or have not been correctly applied : — 



C. hemjalensis, Gm., ex Brown, 111. p. 26, t. 13. fig. inf. from Bengal. A Centrojius in 

 striated plumage, either a young male or a young female ; for the phases of plumage in this 

 species, and what they denote, have yet to be investigated by naturalists on the spot. Tlie 

 figure is clearly that of the Lesser Indian Coucal, Centropus viridis, Jerdon (B. Ind. i. p. 350). 

 The true C. viridis (Scop.) must be compared before we can decide whether the Indian and 

 Philippine birds are identical. Prof. Schlegel keeps them separate, but, under the name of 

 C. recti! lif/ids, Strickl., unites (oj). cit. pp. 67-70) the Bengal bird with forms from many other 

 localities which have been described as distinct — among them the West- African C. gyilli, Ilartl. 



C. panaijanus, Gm., ex Sonn. Voy. p. 120, t. 78, from the island of Panay. A Eudijnamis, 

 a female or young male, no doubt the same as E. mindanensis (L.). 



C. maculatus, Gm., ex Buff. PI. Enl. t. 764, from China. A young male, or a female 

 Eudijnamis. On the assumption that the Philippine bird migrates to China, and is the only 

 species found in that country*, I refer this title to ^. mindanensis (L.): anyhow it forestalls 

 E. cliinensis. Cab. & Heine (Mus. Hein. iv. p. 52). 



C. orientalis, L., var. /3, Gm., ex Buftbn, Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 383, Coukeel, no. 2. A 

 Eudynamis in full male black plumage, from Mindanao, and therefore E. mindanensis (L.). 



C. radiatus, Gm., ex Sonn. Voy. p. 120, t. 79, as yet not perfectly recognized. The type is 

 from Panay. Strickland, it is true (J. A. S. B. 1844, p. 390, note), has stated that it is a good j^g igQcj 

 species, and that he possessed a specimen from Malacca " exactly agreeing with Sonnerat's de- P- 332. 

 scription," excejjt that the tail was not even. Dr. Cabanis (t. c. p. 29) suggests that Sonnerat 

 described from a made-up specimen. Until we are better acquainted with the ornithology of the 

 Philippines, it will be best not to hazard an opinion. Unfortunately Sonnerat is not to be trusted. 



C.flainis, Gm., ex Sonn. Voy. p. 122, t. 81. The original description is by Sonnerat, who 

 gives the Island of Panay as the habitat. But Gmelin first cites " PL Enl. 814," an original 

 drawing from an individual whose derivation is not known, unless we may assume that it was 

 Sonnerat's specimen. Montbeillard (Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 382) quotes Sonnerat's description 

 word for word. Sonnerat's bird belongs to the group of small grey-breasted, rufous-bellied 

 Cuckoos, which extend throughout the Indian Archipelago. Until examples are brought 

 together from all localities and compared, the synonymy of the group cannot be determined. 

 Prof. Schlegel [t. c.) regards them all as belonging to one species. Philippine specimens exist 

 at Leyden; and Dr. von Martens procured it at Manilla (Journ. f Orn. 18G6, p. 19). 



C. lucidus, Gm., ex Lath. Syn. ii. pt. 2. p. 528, no. 24, t. 23, from New Zealand (nee Cab. 

 t. c. p. 14). This title applies to the New-Zealand Lamprococcyx only. 



C. melanoleucus, Gm., founded on Montbeillard's description of a specimen sent by Sonnerat 

 from Coromandel, and PI. Enl. 872, erroneously referred by Mr. Gray (Gen. B. ii. p. 464) to 

 C. serratus, Sparrm. Boddaert's title, C. jacobinus, founded on the same plate, takes precedence. 



* Conf. Swinhoe, Ibis, 1S61, p. 46; P.Z.S. 18G3, p. 204. 3Ir. Blyth (Ibis, 18G5, p. 32) refers the Chinese bird to 

 E. amtralis. Swains., from Australia. Mr. Swinhoe (Ibis, 1866, p. 131) states that the Philippine and the Siamese 

 Eudynamis are the same species. 



