1871.] TO MALAYAN ORNITHOLOGY." 103 



of the native name. Tukki is the Sumatran word, as Phatuk seems to be the Javan, for Wood- 

 pecker. Perhaps " besar " is the Sumatran for red, and Sir Stamford may have added the words 

 "or T. ntfa " as a literal translation of the native name. In the case of Falco dimidiatus, he 

 wrote " Lang Laut, or Sea Eagle," thus translating the native name into English, and not into 

 Latin. But stiU the use of the letter T, instead of P, is unaccounted for. If T is a misprint for ibis, 1871, 

 P, why rufa ? And yet Sir Stamford could not have meant T as the initial of "Tiga;" for that P" ■^^"^• 

 word, in a generic sense, was not used until sixteen years later by Kaup. The question, however, 

 is of small importance; for the oldest title for the Javan species appears to be Picus javanensis, 

 Ljungh (Act. Stockh. xviii. p. lo4, 1797), unless, indeed, the Sumatran and Malaccan Ti(/a 

 differs from the Javan. 



22. Hemilophus jave:s^sis (Ilorsf ). 



Swainson's generic name cannot be used, having been previously employed (Audinet-Serville, 

 Entom. 1835). Midler i picus, Bp., next in priority, can only be adopted for P. javensis and its 

 affines on the assumption that they are congeneric with P. imlverulentus, Temm.*, the type of 

 Bonaparte's genus. Dr. Cabanis has separated them under the title of Thrijjonax. 



The Burmese species M. feddeni, Blaufordf {^^ Picus crawfurdi, J. E. Gray^), is easily to be 

 distinguished from T. hodgsoni (Jerd.) by having a very broad white mark on the inner w-ebs of 

 the whole of the quills, primary and secondary, the short first primary included. This wliite 

 mark occupies about half the length of each quill. In T. hodgsoni, the white marking is 

 restricted to the inner webs of the primaries at their insertion, and is only to be detected by 

 pushing aside the under carpal coverts. On the inner webs of the secondaries it is more developed, 

 but is not discernible without first removing the white under wing-coverts. The dimensions of the 

 wings and tail of the two species are about equal, but those of the bill of T. hodgsoni are much 

 greater. The extent of white on the back of T. feddeni is also more considerable. In fuU- 

 plumaged males of T. feddeni, a conspicuous pure white oval spot occupies the tips of the 3rd, 

 4th, 5th, and 6th primaries. In younger males these spots are dirty brown, and indistinct. I ibis, 1871, 

 have detected similar indications in Javan examples of T. javensis, also in the Malaccan form, but P' ^^*'- 

 not in individuals of T. hodgsoni. Full-plumaged male Javan examples of T. javensis have the 

 white on the inner webs of the quills limited, as in T. hodgsoni. In Malaccan examples the 

 white is more developed, although not nearly so much as in T. feddeni. 



.25. Chetsophlegma malaccensis (Lath.). 



Malherbe's identification of Picus malaccensis. Lath., with P. miniatus, Forster, seems well 

 founded, and so also his opinion that the individual referred to by Mr. Blyth (J. A. S. B. xiv. 

 p. 192) belongs to another species. 



* Both Malherbe and Dr. Oabanis have superseded Temminck's title by that of c/uttwalis, Valenc, ex Sumatra. The 

 66th livraison of the ' Eecueil ' was published 10th June 1826. The 40th volume of the Diet, des Sc. Nat. was likewise 

 published in 1826 ; but the month has yet to be determined. Until that is decided, it seems best to retain the title under 

 ■which the species was first figured, and by which it is best known. 



t [Cf. Ulyth, J. A. S. li. xxxii. p. 75 (1863).— Ed. of ' Ibis.'] 



