1S72.] 



ON THE BIRDS OF CELEBES. 



143 



of E. leucosin'Ia, which appear to vary somewhat in moasurement, and also a good deal in the 

 relative darkness of their markings. In the following list of the Norwich specimens I begin 

 with the darkest and finish with the lightest, and I also give the length of the tarsus and of 

 the wing from the carpal joint to the tip : — 



"If the races are separable, I should think that probably the birds from Ceram, and Tr. Z.S. viii. 

 Amboyna also (according to Wallace), and perhaps those from Celebes, should stand as ^' ' ' 

 E. magicus, and those from Morty, Gilolo, Ternate, and Batchian as E. leucospila, from 

 which the pale-coloured birds from Bouru may be also separable. But the differences are 

 too slender to form a basis for specific distinction, and very probably are not constant." 



Mr. G. R. Gray (Hand-list, i. p. 46) treats these forms as distinct species, but makes them 

 both to be inhabitants of Celebes. 



32. Ephialtes menadensis (Quoy et Gaimard), Voy. Astrolabe, Zool. i. p. 170, pi. 2. fig. 2, 

 "Menado" (1830); Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Oti, p. 20; AVallace, Ibis, 1868, p. 25. 



Hah. Gorontalo (Forsten); Macassar, Menado, Island of Flores (Wallace). 



Dr. Hartlaub (Faun. Madagasc.) identified the Madagascar brown form. Scops madac/as- 

 cariensis, Grandid., with the Celebean E. menadensis, but retained *S'. rutilus, Pucher. (Archives 

 du Mus. iv. pi. 22), as a distinct species. Professor Schlegel (Rech. s. 1. Faun. Mad.) concurs 

 with Dr. Hartlaub, but besides points out that *S'. rutilus is nothing but the rufous phase. 

 Mr. J. H. Gurney (Ibis, 1869, p. 452) admits the identity of the two Madagascar forms, but 

 considers the Madagascar to be a larger local race of the Celebean E. menadensis, and [in epist.) 

 "would J)e disposed to rank it as one for which a specific name is convenient." One of 

 Forsten's Celebean examples (Mus. Pays-Bas, I. c), " teintes tirant fortement au roux," leads 

 us to expect that E. menadoisis will yet be found in Celebes exhibiting the rufous livery of 

 *S^. ridilus, Pucher. The Flores habitat rests solely on the authority of Mr. Wallace. Celebean 

 examples only are contained in the Leyden Museum. 



* Erroneously given in P. Z. S. 18G0, p. 315, as G" G'". 



u2 



